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liver - Coggle Diagram

- - - - cholesterol 恆定
        
        把多餘 cholesterol 轉為 bile acid
        
        分泌膽汁
        
        合成 cholesterol
      - fatty acid oxidation
        
        提供能量、產生ketone body
        
        骨骼肌、腦、腎臟主要能量來源
      - 合成 lipoprotein
        (endogenous)
        
        經 apoprotein 固定、運輸到胞外
      - 脂肪儲存
        (exogenous)
        
        a.a.、glucose → lipid
        
        chylomicron 乳糜微粒+食物脂質
        
        from portal vein
        
        HDL + peripheral fat storage
        
        estrogen⊕
        
        LDL + blood lipoprotein
        
        atherosclerotic disease 動脈粥樣硬化
        
        estrogen⊖
        
        家族性高膽固醇血症：LDL receptor數量/功能✘ → LDL在血中堆積
    - - albumin
        
        維持滲透壓
      - lipoprotein
        
        steroid-binding protein
        
        other hormone-binding protein
        
        thyroid hormone
      - clotting factor
        
        fibrinogen
        
        prothrombin
        
        除了factor IV (Ca²⁺)
      - transfferin
      - acute-phase protein
        
        受壓力刺激而產生，進行免疫反應
      - ✘ immunoglobulin
        (唯一非肝臟合成的血漿蛋白)
    - - 藥物代謝、毒化物去毒性、hormone去活性
      - phase I
        
        toxin oxidation / hydroxylation / cytochrome p450 → 脂溶性↓
      - phase II
        
        esterification 酯化反應
      - 分泌到 bile、經GI tract排出
    - - 血糖↑
        
        gluconeogenesis糖質新生
        
        a.a. & glycerol → glucose
        
        glycogenolysis 肝糖分解
        
        galactose & fructose → glucose
      - 血糖↓
        
        glycogenesis 肝醣生成
        
        glycogen storage 肝糖儲存
        
        glycolysis 糖解
        
        pyruvate 最多產生 38 ATP
  - - - mφ
      - 免疫調控
    - - discontinuous capillary
  - - - 產生胞外基質
      - 調控肝臟再生