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Chapter 2: Theory & Research - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 2: Theory & Research
Perspective 1: Psychoanalytic Theory
Unconscious forces & therapy that give insight into unconscious emotional conflicts
Personality (Freud)
Id (Pleasure Principle) - Jahat
Ego (Reality) - Logic
Superego (Follow rules of society) - Hakim
Psychosexual Stages
Oral - Sucking & feeding (birth to 15 months)
Anal- Potty training (12-18 months to 3 years)
Phallic- Attachment to parents (3-6 years)
Latency- Socialization (6 years to puberty)
Genital- Mature adult sexuality (Puberty to adult)
Erickson's Psychosocial theory
Influence of society
Development - lifelong, not just childhood
Eight stages - crisis resolution = virtue
Perspective 2: Learning
Behaviorism
Classical Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov: Stimulus and response (Dog Experiment)
John Watson: Conditioning of Fear
Operant Conditioning
(BF Skinner)
Reinforcement
- increases likelihood of behavior reoccurring
Positive- reward
Negative- Removing something aversive
Punishment
- decreases likelihood of behavior reoccurring
Positive: Adding something aversive
Negative: Removing something pleasant
Perspective 3: Cognitive
Cognitive Stage Theory
Clinical method: observation + questioning
Development begins - inborn ability to adapt
Organization
Schemes
Adaptation
Assimilation- Incorporating new information existing schemes
Accommodation- Changing structures to include new information
Equilibration
Perspective 4: Contextual
Perspective 5: Evolutionary/ Sociobiology