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education: class differences in achievement - Coggle Diagram
education: class differences in achievement
speech codes: Bernstein
restricted code
used by the working class, limited vocabulary, short, simple sentences
elaborated code
used by the middle class, wider vocabulary, longer, grammatically complex sentences
parents education: Douglas
working class parents place less value on education, less ambitious, less encouragement, less interest in childrens education
financial support and the cost of education
children from poorer families have a lack of equiptment and miss out on experiences that would enhance their education
financial support to poorer students is harder
cultural capital: Bourdieu
refers to the knowledge, attitudes, values, language tastes and abilities of the middle class
he sees middle class culture as a type of capital because it gives an advantage to those who possess it
middle class children aquire the ability to grasp, analyse and express abstract ideas
gives middle class children an advantage in school as these abilities are highly valued
labelling becker
teachers attach a label to a student based on stereotyoed assumptions about their class background working class are usually given negative labels and middle class are given positive ones
self fulfilling prophecy
if a student gets labelled they will eventually believe that it is true and become the label
this works for both positive and negative labels
streaming
separating children into different ability groups or classes called streams
self fulfilling prophecy is particularly likely to occur when children are streamed
pupil subcultures
anti school subculture
those placed in low streams suffer from low self esteem this pushes them to search for alternative ways of gaining status
this involved inverting the schools values of hard work obedience and punctuality
pro school subculture
pupils placed in higher streams tend to remain committed to the values of the school
they gain their status in the approved manner, through academic success