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Conceptions of Global Citizenship Education in East and Southeast Asia -…
Conceptions of Global Citizenship Education in East and Southeast Asia
Historical, political, economic and social context
South Korea, Japan and Taiwan
advanced economies
Confucian heritage
homogeneous culture
Taiwan and Hong Kong
political relationship with China
Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand
less economically developed
less democratic
ethnically diverse
Singapore
highly developed
ethically diverse
Two approaches
for nationalist economic goals
South Korea: display national pride
Malaysia: human capital for market needs
Japan, Taiwan, HongKong, Philippines: gain advatages in global market
to redefine national identity
South Korea and Japan: shift from mono-ethnicism to cultural diversity
Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore: emphasize their inherant cutural pluralism
General trends: increasing focus
Hong Kong
1998
transnational issues
Taiwan
2001
social interdependence
China
early 2000s
integrated member of globalised world
South Korea
1980s
democracy (opposite to North Korea)
Indonesia
2004
human rights, globalisation
Malaysia
2000
global regional autonomy, community building
Two main discourses
Human rights
Hong Kong
Malaysia
South Korea
Global competitiveness and national pride
Malaysia
human capital
China
productive workers and consumers
prioritizing economic development
nation building
global marketplace
Taiwan
internationally competitive
South Korea
internationally competitive
Singapore
ensure national survival