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PHYSIOLOGY-NEURAL REGULATION - Coggle Diagram
PHYSIOLOGY-NEURAL REGULATION
Integration of Resp. Control
Other effectors:airways,lungs, pulm vessels & other organs
Other parameters>>pO2, pH, Resp. rate, volumes , temp.
Effector
cause change of parameter , e.g pCO2>>Sensed by chemoreceptor>>give feedback to resp. Centre in the medulla.
Other sensors>>Give feedback to either resp. center in medulla or pons (baroreceptors, peripheral chemoreceptor, temp, pain, stretch/volume)
Higher centers:
Pons & hypothalamus
>>>instruct resp. center in the medulla to bring an output that can affect an
effector
(peripheral system) e.g the resp. muscles(diaphragm>>innervated by phrenic nerve>>APs cause contraction of Diaphragm)
Cortex and pons give a modulatory stimulus to lower resp. centre(medulla)>>regulates vegetative functions of body
MEDULLA
DRG>>Responsible for baseline inspiratory Activity
VRG>>forced expiration and expiratory activites
Botzinger Complex>>expiration>>capacity to receive central and peripheral stimulus/feedback>>control volume and rate via motor nerves
PONS
Pneumotaxic>>dorsolateral>>limits inspiration
Apneustic>>Lower part>>stimulates inpiration
Pontine Resp. group
Inspiratory neurons-parabranchialis lateralis & Expiratory neurons-Parabranchialis medialis
Corticospinal tracts>>voluntary breathing
EFFECTORS
Juxta-capillary>>interstitium>>give sensation for adequate breathing(dypnea sensation)
Temp. , pain
Irritant receptors(mucosal)>>induce cough/bronchoconstriction>>increased resp. rate
Baroreceptors
Muscle spindles/joint sensors>>stimulate medulla(exerxise)
Lung stretch receptors>sense inflation>>AP via vagal netve>limit amount of inspiration(Hering Breur reflex)