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GENETIC ENGINEERING IN PLANTS - Coggle Diagram
GENETIC ENGINEERING IN PLANTS
method 1
Transformation using
A.tumefaciens
step 1: target gene isolated with restriction endonucleases. Plasmid cut with restriction endonucleases.
step 2: recombinant DNA formed by combining them using enzyme ligase (marker gene also inserted)
step 3: add recombinant DNA to
A.tumefaciens
(through culturing or electroporation
step 4: plant infected with GM
A.tumefaciens
step 5: callus (mass of tumour cells) containing recombinant DNA forms
step 6: cells from callus are harvested and grown into a new transgenic plant
method 2
Transformation using electrofusion
step 1: remove cell wall using cellulases
step 2: electrofusion forms polyploid cell
step 3: plant hormones stimulate growth of new cell wall
step 4: plant hormone stimulates growth of callus
step 5: callus cells harvested and grown into new transgenic plant
pesticide resistance
pest evolve resistance to GM crop
toxins in GM plant could harm non pesticide insects or insect eating predators
increases yield
reduce chemical application (associated with bioaccumulation)