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Biology 1 - Cell Biology - Coggle Diagram
Biology 1 - Cell Biology
Cell Structure
Eukaryotic cells
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General Cell Components
- DNA enclosed in a nucleus
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Plant Cell Components
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- Cell wall - gives the cell extra support and defines it shape
- Chloroplast - contains chlorophyll thats has the enzymes needed for photosynthesis
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- Permanent Vacuole - contains cell sap (a solution of sugars and salts) , used for storage of materials and helps support the shape of the cell
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Animal Cell Components
- Mitochondria - site of the most reactions to do with aerobic respiration, cells with a high metabolism have high rates of mitochondria
- Cytoplasm - supports internal cell structures and is the site of many chemical reactions including anaerobic respiration
- Nucleus - contains genetic material which controls the activities of the cell
- Cell membrane - holds the cell together and controls what substances can enter and leave the cell
- Ribosomes - site of protein synthesis
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Specialised Cells
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Nerve Cell
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Adaptations:
- has a cell body where protein synthesis occurs and where cellular structures are
- Extensions of the cytoplasm from the cell body form dendrites (receive signals) and axons (which transmit signals), allowing the neuron to communicate
- Axon is covered with fatty sheath, which speeds up nerve impulses
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Muscle Cell
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Adaptations:
- layers of protein filaments , layers slide over each other causing muscle contraction
- high density of mitochondria to provide sufficient energy for muscle contraction
- Skeletal muscle cells fuse together during development to form multinucleated cells that contract in unison
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