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Edema
condition where excessive amount of fluid accumulated at…
Edema
condition where excessive amount of fluid accumulated at interstitial space
Amount of water in interstitial increase -edema
Amount of water in interstitial decrease-dehydration
1)Easy Concept of hydrostatic pressure and Osmotic pressure
- hydrostatic pressure increase- lead to fluid escape to interstitial space - favor edema
-osmotic pressure increase - lead to fluid absorb from tissues to blood- unfavor for edema
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2)Type of Edema
Localized Edema
High venous pressure at extremities (limb)
cause less fluid reabsorb from tissues space at capillaries end result to edema
Normal condition
prevented by
- valve of veins
2.pumping action of limb muscle
- increased of lymph flow
- increase tissues pressure by limb structure
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Generalized Edema
Condition:
1.Chronic passive congestion
2.Chronic localized congestion in lung which result in general congestion
- Hypoproteinemia - parasite -refer to etiological agent (green colour)
- Inflammatory response + Allergic reaction (general vascular peameability increase)
- Lymphatic blockage by parasite- elephantiatis
- Present of neoplasia - lymphosarcoma / melosarcoma
3a) Histological
1.homogenous pink granular material
2.larger cell space between cells, seperate by edematous fluid
3.atrophy of parenchymal cell (chronic condition)
4.hyperplasia of fibrous connective tissues
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3b)Gross
edema only present at certain area (spaced area)
1.submucosa of pericystic
- not in bone (no space)
3.loose connective tissues at muscle
4.lumen of alveoli (pulmonary edema)
5.submocasa of GIT (greater curvature of stomach - gravity)
6.subcutaneous area loose CT
- Swelling- tissues increase size
2.Weight increase- size increase
- Increase size cause more heat dissipation - lower temperature
- Less intense colour due to capilory compressed by accumulated edematous fluid
- Pitting on pressure, pit is produced after finger force is removed
Chronic condition
Present of edematous fluid cause fibrosis (commonly see in leg of race, saddle horse)- leading to disfiguration of legs
- Fibrosis (chronic condition)
1.Accumulation of fluid exert pressure to surrounding cell
- hypoxia condition due to congestion
Pressure necrosis - connective tissues cell in fluid start to proliferate and secrete collagen
(irrevesible)
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4)Common type of Edema
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Hydrothorax
Pulmonary edema
Etiological Agent
Congestive heart failure
Renal failure
Hepatic failure- ascites fluid move to pleural cavity
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