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Kidney Stones - Coggle Diagram
Kidney Stones
Pathophysiology
Urolithiasis is the formation of calculi in the urinary tract
Most calculi are precipitations of calcium salts, uric acid, struvite, or cystine
Low calcium intake is associated with calculi formation
Excruciating pain in the abdomen is one of the main symptoms of kidney stones
Medications
thiazide diuretics
Allopurinol
antibiotics
opioid analgesics
Interventions
Maintain records of intake and output
administer opioid analgesics intravenously
monitor signs for circulatory overload
Encourage increased fluid intake
Pertinent assessment findings
pain
sepsis
a urinary tract infection
injury to the ureter
Patient education
Consume adequate intake of fluids daily
drink two glass of water before bed and another two glasses when awakening at night to void
Symptoms worsen contact primary care provider or go to the nearest emergency department
follow the specific diet given by the primary care provider