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ENGLISH UNIT 9-12 - Coggle Diagram
ENGLISH UNIT 9-12
CONDITIONALS
0 conditional = Present + Present
used to state general truths, facts, or habits
If/when I’m tired, I go to bed.
1st conditional = Present + Future
used to predict future probabilities, the speaker believes the event is likely and a real possibility
If/when it rains tomorrow, I’ll bring my umbrella.
2nd conditional = Past + would/could/might + base form
used for unlikely or impossible events in the future
used for situations that are not true now
If I won a million dollars, I would buy a boat
IF = WHEN
UNLESS = IF NOT, EXPECT IF
before IF we never have comma
FUTURE FORMS
going to (+ infinitive)
decisions made before the moment of speaking
plans and intentions
: We're going to spend the summer abroad.
prediction based on present evidence
: I think it's going to rain!
will / won’t (= will not) + the infinitive
for predictions about the future
when we decide something at the moment of speaking
sometimes use the verb think before will -> don’t think, expect, be + sure
simple prediction
: There will be snow in many areas tomorrow.
willingness
: We'll give you a lift to the cinema.
an action in progress in the future
: This time next week I'll be sun-bathing.
present continuous (to be + -ing)
decisions made before the moment of speaking
arrangements
: I'm meeting Jim at the airport.
present simple
for timetabled events
time-tabled events
: The plane takes off at 3 a.m.
future continous (will + be + -ing)
used to project ourselves into the future
for predicting or guessing about future events
This time next week I will be sun-bathing in Bali
ENOUGH, TOO, VERY, NOT ENOUGH
ENOUGH comes BEFORE NOUNS
ENOUGH comes BEFORE ADJECTIVES