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Trabajo de cuidados LatAm - Coggle Diagram
Trabajo de cuidados LatAm
Domestic workers
Latin America is where domestic worker movements started, 19th century. With other regions, pushed for ILO 189. Now pushing for ratification and implementation throughout the continent.
Honduras case study:
domestic workers demand rights in impoverished country (ETA, IOTA, insecurity, authoritarian state, classism, racism), ILO ratification, chains of domestic work + child work
Afroecuatorian community case study: care work = legacy of slavery + 56% cabeza de hogar
Sistemas de cuidado
Uruguay
2015: after decades of organizing, first holistic sistema de cuidados en Latin America, emphasis on ageing population. CARE became a RIGHT, same standard as education, health, etc. Professionalization of care work.
2020-2021: change of gov't, austerity measures that threaten the sistema de cuidados, NGOs not happy
Peru
Political class working on a sistema de cuidados now, but with new president, groups fear losing all the ground they've gained from before
Bogota
First public care system at municipal level in Bogota, Colombia
Mexico:
Throughout Latin America, feminist groups have been putting care work on their agenda and pushing for it on the political agenda. For many women, unpaid care is still completely normalized and solely considered a work/responsibility of love.
Economic and sanitary crisis
Case of Venezuela
Huge economic crisis (+ pandemic) exacerbate how women bear the brunt of care. Less pay in feminized work (domestic work but also teachers, nurses...), work to access food, work to access water, work to access gas + childcare + domestic cleaning.
COVID
More domestic violence (confinement, but now still at home due to unemployment)
Women lost more jobs than men, especially working in informal sector, or as teachers. As nurses, worked a lot.
Homeschooling, loss of daycare (cities)
women's leadership on sanitary initiatives in communities + pay for hygienic products
If not fired, drop out of labor force during COVID to attend to care (includes Latinas in the U.S.)
Intersectionalidad
Legacy of slavery and colonialism: BIPOC + lower class mestizos
Discrimination to find a job for BIPOC
Raise awareness taking into consideration different cultures. Ex: men & women dialogue groups to not "segment" society in Guarani populations
LGBT+ perspective:
What people want:
Redistribution
Bonos para madres (no solamente las mas pobres), cuidado profesional de niños, ancianos
Overall feminist and social structural change, less capitalism and racism
Raise awareness on shared care (by sex/gender)
local women's groups
local women & men's dialogue groups
Recognize burnout caused by unpaid care work at home
Better functioning democracies so to be able to press on public policies con perspectiva de genero
5 RS
Reward and represent
- Reform and implement national laws and policies, and workplace policies, to guarantee decent work for care workers, increase pay for paid care workers and increase their representation and participation in policy making.
Recognise
– Quantify the contribution of care work to the economy and integrate care and domestic work in private sector policies and infrastructure and national planning frameworks.
Reduce and redistribute
- Reduce and redistribute - Increase national budgets for equitable quality public care services, with a recommendation of 3-10% of national income, and increase public investments in essential social services and universal social protection schemes, which includes private sector investments, reforms and commitments.
LatAm
generally patriarchal but matricentric societies, cabeza de hogar, muchas madres solteras
many different cultures + ethnicities, ways of life
legacy of slavery and colonialism, racism
historic & strong domestic workers' rights movement, but small unionization rate
feminist movement for care work in last years, new impulse now with impact of COVID
high rate of teenage pregnancies, zero to little access to reproductive rights, high rates of gender-based & domestic violence
ageing pop in some more "developed" countries (ex: Uruguay)
Abuelas
Cuidando, necesidad de ser cuidadas
https://www.abc.es/familia/mayores/abci-abuelos-cuidan-nietos-deberian-cobrar-ello-202001311258_noticia.html?ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F
DATOS trabajos de cuidados América latina
Impacto COVID -- CEPAL
Documento