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VACCINES - Coggle Diagram
VACCINES
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Can avoid potential induction of antibiotic resistance as through vaccination can obviate the need to treat a bacterial infection with antibiotics.
HOW DO VACCINES WORK?
- Contain modified form of virus/bacteria that doesn't cause disease, but does teach your immune system what to do if ever attacked
- Vaccines are taken up by macrophage /DC which activate the adaptive immune response
- T-cells & B-cells are activated & Abs are produced
- Memory T & B cells are formed
- Host is now prepared to mount immune response & protect the individuals upon exposure to pathogen
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TYPES OF VACCINES
Inactivated - Whole microorganisms destroyed by heat, chemicals, radiation or antibiotics (Influenza, cholera, polio)
Attenuated - modified microorganisms to be less deadly, dangerous for immunocompromised individuals (yellow fever, measles, rubella, mumps, TB)
Toxoid - Inactivated toxic compounds (tetanus, diphtheria, snake bites)
Conjugate - Polysaccharide coat that poor immunogen paired with protein that highly immunogenic (Haemophilus influenza)
Heterotypic/Jennerian - Pathogen that infect other animals but do not cause disease or cause mild disease in human (TB)
Subunit - protein component of the microorganisms, recombinant protein (Hep B, HPV)
VACCINE PRECAUTIONS
1. Route of administration of Ag - Determinant of successful vaccination. Adult usually in the arm but some vaccines may provide greater Abs response when given by respiratory route
2. Hazard - Made from live/attenuated agents, have the potential for causing progressive disease in immunocompromised or immunosuppressive therapy patients
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