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英文文法中級合句和複句, as (as in 如同, as for 關於, as if 彷彿, as of 從... As of today,…

- - - - No matter where the criminal is hiding, the police is going to get him soon.
      - Wherever the criminal is hiding, the police is going to get him soon.
    - - 加上whether或no matter
        都當不論
        
        Whether he’s still alive (or not), I’m not going to marry anyone else.
        
        No matter he’s still alive (or not), I’m not going to marry anyone else.
  - - - become...after
        will be...after
        was....when
        v..where
    - - if...
        as long as 只要
      - suppose 假設
        注意假設語氣用更過去的動詞表示
    - - as...既然
        now that 既然
        so...that 如此以至於
    - - so that 為的是
        in order that 為了
        last 以免
        in case (that) 萬一
    - - although 雖然
        though雖然
        while 雖然
        wh-ever=no matter wh- 不論
    - - as/so far as 限度而言
        as far as money 錢的方面...
        in that 意思是說
    - - as 有如好像
        He plays the piano as a maestro does.
        as if 好像彷彿
        此子句如用敘述事實語氣(同時態)表示為真
        as if he is left handed 像是左撇子
        如用更過去的時態表示不是真的
        as if he were left handed 冒充左撇子
        此句為非正式
        as if he was left handed 有點像左撇子
  - - - when, as soon as, before, after
      - 如果是完成式，在時間副詞子句裡面就只能用現在完成
        You can have this computer when I have finished
- - - - 直接引用,引用部分移到句首以加強語氣
        "None was killed in the accident," said the police.
      - 間接引用
        倒裝到句首要加,
        The WHO warns (that) cholera is coming back
        -> Cholera is coming back, warns the WHO
    - - There goes the train
        Here is your ticket for the opera
        To the west of Japan lies China.
    - - 要注意的是，關係詞必須先向句首移動，才能倒裝
        The U.S. President is a man [on whom "falls" a heavy responsibility]
  - - - Not every day do we have such luck
        Not until you are married will I stop waiting for you.
      - hardly, barely, seldom 和not類似也能使用
        Seldom do I see such a beautiful sight
        Hardly had I sat down to work when the phone rang
      - 注意對等連接的對稱性
        Not only did he pass the exam but he also scored at the top
  - - - Girls like cats more than boys. 可能有
        
        Girls like cats more [than boys do].
        
        Girls like cats more [than they like boys]
        倒裝
        Girls like cats more [than do boys]
  - - - [Had I been there], I could have done something to help.
- - - - 是名詞
        用關係代名詞改寫
        who(whom, whose), which, that
        
        人用who
        物用which
        關係子句有指示性都可用that改寫
        沒有指示性用逗號隔開可有可無不能用that
        
        何時用that
        
        1.that子句具有指示作用
        Man is an animal that is capable of reason
        2.先行詞是all, anything, everything明確指定範圍
        Money is the only thing that interests him.
        3.先行詞有first, next, last, only等限定詞或有最高級
        He's the best man that I can recommend.
        
        何時不該用that
        
        沒有指示作用
        通常會有逗點和先行詞隔開
        
        關代省略
        當主詞不能省略
        受詞可省略
        主詞補語看省略是否影響句子清楚
        
        關代何時不能省略
        
        1.放在括弧性的逗點中作補充說明、不具有指示性
        I like The Da Vinci Code, [which many people like, too].
        2.主要子句被逗號斷開, 整個主要子句為先行詞
        容易混亂最好在關代前加一個同位格
        The whole house was overrun with ants, a sight which frightened the visitor
        
        格
        
        人
        主受格可以忽略一率用who
        除非直接接在介系詞後要用whom
        所有格用whose
        
        物
        沒有主受格之分
        所有格用 of which 或擬人whose
        I saw a mountain the top of which
        I saw a mountain of which the top
        
        複合關係代名詞
        用關代取代先行詞
        
        whatever, 先行詞是anything
        Whatever you say now may be used against you in court
        
        whoever(whomever), 先行詞是any person
        ll give 100 dollars to whoever returns first. (whoever 是子句的主格)
        Whomever you see in this room qualifies for the job. (whoever 是子句的受格)
        
        whichever 先行詞是anything
        you can take whichever you like
        
        what
        I have the thing [which you need] =
        I have what you need.
        
        關係子句的位置
        並非一定要放在先行詞後面
        而是與其他的修飾語相同，應該儘量靠近它修飾的對象
        其原點是：放在哪個位置最清楚
      - 是副詞
        用關係副詞改寫
        when, where, how, why
        
        因為是副詞通常可省略, 可用that取代
        但和關代一樣有逗號隔開就不行省略
        不能用that取代
        Shakespeare was born in 1564, when Queen Elizabeth I was on the throne.
        
        when
        時間副詞then的改寫，有連接詞功能
        I know when he will arrive
        
        where
        地方副詞there的改寫
        The car stopped where three roads met
        
        how
        I never found out how he escaped
        
        why
        I've forgotten the reason why(that) I called
  - - - 關係詞修飾先行詞=形容詞子句
        疑問詞帶出=名詞子句
        外加的從屬連接詞（when, where）=副詞子句
    - - 先行詞是anything=形容詞子句
        解釋為anythin that, anyone that=名詞子句
        相當於no matter + 疑問詞表讓步=副詞子句
    - - 單獨無意義的連接詞that=名詞子句
        so that, such that, in order that, in that=副詞子句
        相當於關係詞有指示功能沒有逗點=形容詞子句
- - - - both a and b
      - v: We ran, jumped, and shouted
        n: George, Mary, and Jane were always together
    - - not only A but also B
    - - either A or B; neither A nor B
    - - Everyone was in the hall, and the door had been closed.
      - Everyone knew, but no one admitted it
      - 相關字組
        Either he did not like our hairstyle, or we had offended him in some other way.
      - 對等子句的省略要注意
        Smoking by pregnant women may slow the growth of the fetus,
        and it may generally harm the fetus > 省略 the fetus, of 要保留
        Smoking by pregnant women may slow the growth of and generally harm the fetus
- - - - 加上that
        He didn’t take the money
        I believe that
        =I believe that he didn’t take the money
    - - 疑問詞
        拿掉問號還原成非疑問句的動詞順序
        What happened at his party?
        I never asked him the question
        =I never asked him what happened at his party
        
        注意倒裝要改寫成直述
        where did he keep->where he kept
        what had he bought-> what he had bought
      - yes/no 問句
        
        加上whether(是否)或if
        寫作時儘量使用whether
        
        1.if 當是否還有假如的意思
        
        3.介係詞後不能用if
        The manager hinted at whether he would sign the contract.
        
        句首只能用whether
    - - S
        
        放在主詞的that不能省略
        用it來當虛主詞時之後的that可省略
      - O
        
        that省略掉意思依然清楚
      - C
        
        that省略掉意思依然清楚
      - 同位格
        
        The story (that) he once killed a man might just be true
        句子不是太長太複雜that 可省略
      - 介係詞的受詞
        
        直述句名詞子句不行
        疑問句名詞子句可以
        
        My response depends on what he really meant by that
        
        直述句不能接在介係詞後面
        但是可以接在介係詞後的受詞後面當同位格
        His response dwells on the fact (that) I owe him a favor
    - - you know, I guess, I suppose
        打個逗點放在句尾與主要子句隔開
        是可有可無的補充說明
    - - 直接引用
        用雙引號”…”
        
        The guard said, “The road is closed.”
      - 間接引用
        用名詞子句
        
        The guard said (that) the road was closed.
      - 主要子句的動詞可以選擇倒裝到主詞
        修辭效果有時候會比較好
        the guard said.> said the guard.