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The survival of the Tsarist system between 1894-1906 was due to the…

- - - - Bolsheviks = headed by Lenin, wanted 'personal participation', made up of hard core revolutionaries under centralised leadership, believing a proletariat revolution was near and they should be ready to seize the opportunity
      - Mensheviks = headed by Martov, wanted 'regular work', open to co-operating with non Marxists (inclusive), less centralised
      - even members of the same parties had different ideas and ended up splitting into dfferent factions
  - - - End of autocracy and adopt a constitution
      - Basic rights such as freedom of speech
      - Private enterprise rather than public ownership
      - Used non violent methods
  - - - Working class was small
      - The Russian peasantry were scattered
        
        also contributed to poor communication across settlements so limited spread of ideas
      - Only 21% of the population could read
        
        so difficult to spead ideas as the use of leaflets and pamphlets wasnt effective
      - The leaders of the socialist groups were middle or upper class
        
        therefore they couldnt relate to the workers and peasants who they relied on support for
    - - The differences between the liberals and socialists made any formation impossible
      - Both liberals and socialists wanted to overthrow capitalism
        
        however wanted different forms of governmnet and also were willing to use different methods liberals tended to be middle class and socialists repesented the peasantry
- - - - many revolutionary leaders had been exiled or fled for their own safety so parties were disorganised
  - - - octoberists = moderate liberals and business leaders who disliked autocracy but feared mob rule.
      - August Manifesto 1905
        
        moderate liberals though this was a basis for more negotiation
      - purely advisory and had no real power
        
        electoral system favoured peasants and landowners - workers, national minorities, jews and intelligentsia couldn't vote.
  - - - Laws restricting freedom of Speech and freedom of Assembly
        
        made it difficult to promote revolutionary ideas through propaganda and newspapers due to censorship
- - - - 1000 died