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Ecology of the Peer Group - Coggle Diagram
Ecology of the Peer Group
Peers
Preferred to other socializing agents
Influence social, cognitive and psychological development
Satisfy a sense of belonging
Social cognition in Jean Piaget's stages
Formal operational stage- ages 11 on, have ability to think logically about abstract ideas and hypothesis as well as concrete facts
12-18
Concrete operational stage- ages 7 to 11, have logical thought but put to much faith in their own reasoning
Pre-operational stage- ages 2 to 7, had intuitive thought and have poor understanding between objects, events, and people.
Peer relationships contribute to
personal identity
Self-esteem
Self-concept
Children of Authoritarian Parents
Find friends with same values
Have no need to rebel or seek acceptance from peers
Attached to and internalize their values
Children of Authoritative Parents
Attracted to peer groups to gain understanding and acceptance
At risk for negative peer influences
Alienate themselves from parental values
Does not hold true for culturally diverse families with collective orientation
Children of Permissive Parents
Drawn to peers that are antisocial
Peer groups have negative influence on their values and behavior
Are unpopular
Peer group provides the structure and support they don't get from parents
Social competencies and degree of social conformity depend on
Situation
Personal values
Age
Socializing Methods
Modeling
Punishment
Reinforcement
Apprenticeship
Factors modeling behavior depends on
Model
Observer
Situation
Macrosystems influences on the peer group
Develop morals and values
Learn appropriate social and cultural roles
Learn to get along with others
Achieve personal independence while formulating an identity
Peer groups affect social development
Provides opportunities for independence from adults
Provides opportunity for comparison with others
Allows children to learn by doing
Peer groups affects cognitive development
Enables understanding of people
Understand self
Relations between people
Social group roles and rules
Relation of conceptions to social behavior
Functions of play/activities
Psychological
Social
Cognitive
Adaptive functions for adult life
Prosocial behavior in peer groups
Tutoring
Counseling
Peer collaboration
Social support resources
Tangible-sharing toys, clothes, and money
Social support-companionship
Intellectual- giving information or advise
Emotional support- listening and empathy
Peers provide
Validation for the self
Encouragement to try new things
Opportunities for comparison
Self-disclosure
Identitiy
Social play interaction
Cooperative
Associative
Parallel
Onlooker
Solitary
Types of play activity
Testing
Model building
Exploratory
Imitative
Friendship patterns
Intimate mutually shared relationships
Two-way fair-weather cooperation
One-way assistance
Momentary playmateship
Autonomous interdependent friendships
Social skills to help children be accepted
Communication
Cooperation
Participation
Valadation/support
Bullying
Physical violence
Intimidation
Teasing and name calling
Social exclusion
Ecological forces in the formation of gangs
Family structure
Cultural group
Socioeconomics
Belief system
Adult leadership styles
Democratic
Laissez -faire
Authoritarian