Manajemen Bencana
Bencana (disaster)
Is outside the realm of everyday experience;
Is traumatic enough to cause most people stress
Has adverse affects on a large population;
Is time limited.
Involves damage to property, persons, or loss of life;
Type of Disaster
Natural disaster
Man made disaster
Rape, violence
Murder,t orture, mutilation
TerorismR
Abuse
War
Transportation accident
Mountain, mud mountain
magmatic/vulcanic
Tsunami
Flood
Fire
Earthquake
Inventory Stage
Disaster Myths
Disaster shock
Evacuation behavior and shelter use
Panic flight
Fact : Panic flight behaviors only occur during extraordinary disaster situations, such as evidenced on 9/11 when people trapped in the World Trade Center towers jumped out of windows to their deaths in a desperate attempt to escape. Panic behaviors are not the norm for most disaster situations.
Fact : Victims and responders often appear to be disoriented and incapacitated by fear when in fact they may just be exhausted. The rate of disaster shock is, in fact, very low and usually short-lived.
Fact : Due to this belief, people often assume that the shelters are likely to be overcrowded, and therefore, seek other options
Rescue Stage
Diffuse Anxiety
Survivor Guilt
Heightened Arousal
Conflicts over Nurturance
Psychological Numbing
dazed and confused; exhibit superficial calmness; or feel a sense of unreality, as though the event is not really happening.
Intense feelings of fear, be easily startled, or experience physiological arousal (e.g., heart pounding and muscular tension).
Anxiety over separating from their loved ones, or be unable to relax.
Survivors blame themselves or feel shame for having lived when others have not.
Emotionally distance themselves, feeling that others cannot understand what they have gone through, or that they must keep a “stiff upper lip.”
phobias
obsessive-compulsive behaviors,
Post-Traumatic Depression,
secondary traumatization,
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD),
Stress reaction
Psychological Reaction after Disaster
Grief reaction
Hardship
Traumatic grief reaction
Change reminders
Depression
Trauma reminders
Physical reaction