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Approaches to language teaching - Coggle Diagram
Approaches to language teaching
Structural Approach
Language is a system of structures used to communicate meaning.
controlled practice of simpler structures, then more complicated ones
Mistakes should be avoided.
Oral skills are learnt before written skills
Task-based learning (TBL)
Language is a tool for communicating meaning through use of functions, vocabulary, structures, discourse.
Language is learnt by using it.
problem-solving tasks
Presentation, Practice and Production (PPP)
grammatical structures and functions are the most important aspect of
language.
Learners should not be allowed to make mistakes during the practice stage.
The learners are guided by the teacher and do not make decisions about what or
how to learn.
Typical activities:
drills
miming
situational presentations
information-gap
role-plays
Lexical Approach
language is learnt by learning chunks as whole and complete
units.
Learners work with authentic written or spoken texts
vocabulary (chunks) is the most important aspect of language.
After noticing chunks, learners are asked to carry out tasks which will involve them
in using the chunks.
Functional Approach
functions are the most important aspect of language.
Communicative approaches
Fluency is more important than accuracy.
Authentic materials
interaction
communication is the most important aspect of language. Meaning
is communicated through functions, grammar, vocabulary, discourse and skills.
Grammar-Translation
Total Physical Response (TPR)
grammatical structures and vocabulary
Learners learn by being exposed to language. Comprehension comes before
production.
silent period
Guided discovery
language has patterns of meaning and use.
This approach is often used together with PPP, Task-based Learning and the
Functional Approach.
Content-based learning
language is learnt best if presented to learners through
interesting topics which help them increase their knowledge of the world.
grammar, lexis, functions or skills.
Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL)
Language is learnt best when you use language to learn something else.