Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
BLOCKERS AND MODULATORS - Coggle Diagram
BLOCKERS AND MODULATORS
-
- Why does the brain have electrical activity? Describe how neurons make use of it. What happen to the brain during seizure.
Neurons conduct electrical signalling to receive and convey messages. When a neuron is activated, an action potential is triggered, then allowing message signals to travel quickly down the synapse.
During seizure
Neurons produce action potentials at the same time due to a failure in the brain's electrical communication system.
-
By firing electrical impulses, the electrical activity allows the brain to connect to each other
- Where in the neuron are voltage-gated ion channels typically located?
-
-
-
- Foods that cam interact with anti-epileptic drugs?(AED) What can a patient do to avoid these interactions?
-
-
5.Where in the body are voltage-gated sodium channels typically located and what happened physiologically when there is a dysfunction in that locations?
Dysfunction in neurons lead to muscle weakness,tremor,memory loss and anxiety.
-
- Describe the structure and functions of a voltage-gated sodium channel? List all the alpha subunits.
Phospholipid at the surrounding. Pore being the channel for the movement of ions across the cellular membranes. Selectivity filter lines at the channel pore and will determine ion selectivity for the channel
Voltage-gated sodium channels generate a transmembrane pore and transmit sodium ions inward when the membrane potential is depolarized, causing action potentials to be formed and propagated. Sodium channels play the crucial role in nerve conduction, neurotransmission and other functions.
-
-
- How do voltage-gated sodium channels function in the production of an action potential?
CLOSED
VGSC during resting state/polarized stage. The membrane being negatively charged on the inside and positively charged on the outside during resting membrane potential.
OPEN
VGSC will open, allowing sodium ions to flow along the membrane's concentration gradient.
Result in a net positive charge influx in the membrane.
The change in membrane potential caused by the entry of sodium ions will trigger neighbouring VGSC to open up as well.
The influx of sodium ions make the membrane being depolarized, When depolarization reaches a particular threshold it will generate the action potential.
Involve three different state which is closed, open and inactive.
INACTIVE
When the sodium channel stops permitting sodium ions to pass into the cells, the depolarisation process is complete.
After depolarization, the VGSCs close.
The membrane's potential return to its normal state, (resting)
-
- List and describe anti-epileptic drugs that act on voltage-gated ion channels.
LACOSAMIDE (VIMPAT)
causes headache, double vision, exhaustion
Partial and secondary generalized seizure. Reduce the brain excitability by inhibiting the sodium channels.
PHENYTOIN (DILANTIN)
In a few percentage of patients, it triggers a rash, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome, that can be fatal.
Blood levels might be difficult to control since there are significant changes in serum drug levels.
CARBAMAZEPINE (TEGRETOL,CARBATROL) .
In a few percentage of patients, it triggers a rash, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome, that can be fatal.
By altering sodium channels, it slows down the fast firing of brain cells.
