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Humanist/Existential Approaches - Coggle Diagram
Humanist/Existential Approaches
Existential concepts
: focus on subjective experiences and the self - human beings are completely free and responsible for their own behaviour
Victor Frankl
(1905-1997)
Existential anxiety:
The courage to be - to break out of blind conformity and instead strive for authenticity
We are all motivated by a
will to meaning
Meaning comes from three sources
Purposeful work
Love
Courage in the face of difficulty
Carl Rogers
Here and Now: Focus on the present rather than distant historical causes
Person-centred: "when I accept myself just as I am, then I can change"
Humanistic approaches
: people are basically good, inherent potential to have meaningful relationships, and to make good choices that are in the interests of self and others
Existential meaning
The Multidimensional Existential Meaning Scale:
Tripartite model
Comprehension:
extent to which individuals perceive a sense of coherence and understanding regarding their lives
Purpose:
extent to which life is directed and motivated by valued goals
Mattering
: my existence is significant, important and of value to others
Meaning in Life:
the extent to which one's life is experienced as making sense
ACT Concepts:
What is a rich and meaningful life? Taking action based on what we find meaningful and valuable
The Valued Living Questionnaire
: values measure from an ACT perspective
Rate 10 domains based on importance and consistency over the past week
Item-total correlations not that strong - but you wouldn't expect similar scores between domains
Principal factor analysis: modest factor loadings for a single-factor model
Psychological flexibility
: being present in the here and now and choosing actions that are guided by your values
Cognitive fusion
: when story and event become blended - thoughts are seen to represent reality
Struggle switch
Switch is on: mind chatter - "should of, could of, this must"- troublesmoe feelings snowball, acting inconsistent with values
Switch is off: anxiety comes, rises and goes - observe, don't wast time and energy struggling
Assessment
Internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha)
: how closely related a set of items are as a group
An acceptable range is above .7
Should only use alpha on a defined subscale or factor, not a measure containing 2 or more factors
Q-Sort Methods
: people are presented with lots of cards with printed statements eg I am likeable, I am anxious, and asked to sort into different piles - how I'd like to be (
ideal self
) and how I actually am (
actual self
)
Assesses discrepancies between ideal and actual self