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SKIN - Coggle Diagram

- - - - monitored by skin thermoreceptors
      - info sent to thermoregulatory centre in brain which compares current temp to set point of 37degrees
      - control centre coordinates approp. response via circulatory system (vasodilation/constriction) and sweat glands increase sweat to maintain homeostasis
- - - - result of long-term shrinkage of a scar. > results in the inability to perform full ROM of a joint. > more prominent around joints where skin tension/movement are high
        
        Treatments = stretching, splinting, massage, skin grafting, silicon gels
- - - - Replaces destroyed tissue with same kind of tissue. Can be restored to normal if: 1. damage is minor. 2. epidermis has stem cells to regenerate lost tissue
    - - Replaces destroyed tissue with SCAR TISSUE. - Damage that includes the dermis leads to repair by fibroblasts. - Scar tissue does not have any of the same qualities as the tissue before the injury
  - - - Function: prepare the wound for repair, eliminate invading organisms and remove foreign substances
      - Damaged cells release inflammatory chemicals
      - Blood vessels become more permeable: > fluid released into area >macrophages: ingest debris/invading organisms > clotting proteins: produce a blood clot to stop blood loss, hold wound together/prevent further invasion from organisms >clot on surface dries and forms a scab
        
        Inflammation is the process where an increase in fluid and blood cells to the area gives the 4 cardinal signs of inflammation: redness due to an increase in red blood cells, pain due to the increase in fluid to the area compressing on nerve endings, swelling due to the fluid and heat due to the increased blood to the area.
    - - Function: to synthesis extracellular matrix including collagen and restore a blood supply
      - Blood clot is replaced by granulation tissue.
        
        Granulation tissue > capillaries that grow across the wound and bring O2/nutrients for healing. > Fibroblasts - produce collagen fibres that bridge the gap. > Macrophages - phagocytose cell debris, invading organism & blood clot
      - Epithelial stem cells multiply/migrate over the granulation tissue
    - - Collagen laid down in organisation stage is remodeled and contracts to pull wound edges together
      - Existing blood vessels compressed so scar is avascular and white in appearance
      - If epithelial stem cells present they divide and grow under scab & regenerate epithelium > scab falls off & skin reflects pre-injury tissue although will still have underlying area of scare tissue
      - If major wound scar tissue is visible = fibrosis. scar tissue > tough but no elasticity or flexibility, no hair, sweat or oil glands. >