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Appendicitis - Coggle Diagram
Appendicitis
Interventions
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Do not take medicines unless the healthcare professional has prescribed them or cleared them for use.
Keep the surgical wounds clean and dry. They can be washed carefully one or two days after surgery and patted dry.
Take all medications exactly as directed by the healthcare provider. Antibiotics should be taken for the full term of the prescription.
Healthcare providers will give the patient a list of conditions or symptoms that require a call to the doctor. Keep this list nearby and call your doctor if any of these occur.
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Pathophysiology
What is appendicitis?
- inflammation of the appendix.
- a small tube-like pouch attached to the lower right side of the colon.
What are the causes of appendicitis?
- Causes usually by a blockage or obstruction.
- A buildup of hardened stool.
- Enlarged lymphoid follicles
- Intestinal worms
- Traumatic injury
- Tumors
Location: the cecum, this part of the colon looks like a sink or bowl sunk below the opening where the small intestine feeds into the large intestine. The rest of the large intestine rises upwards towards the chest. The appendix lies at the bottom of that bowl.
Diagnosis: physical examination, a healthcare professional is looking for the definitive symptoms of appendicitis:
- Abrupt onset of Abdominal pain that starts around the belly button and localizes to the right lower quadrant of the abdomen.
- Rebound pain in that same area.
- Nausea
- Loss of appetite
- CT SCAN
- Ultrasound
- MRI
- X-Rays
- Blood tests
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Pertinent Teachings:
The surgical removal of the appendix is the primary treatment for acute appendicitis. This surgery is called an appendectomy or appendicectomy.
A laparoscopy—surgery using a small tube inserted into the abdomen through a small hole called a laparotomy
Assessment: -Pain in the RLQ elicited by light palpation of the abdomen (Physician can often use 1 finger to find)
- Presence of rebound tenderness RLQ
-Rigidity
- Muscle spasms
- Tachycardia
- Low-grade fever
-Pain elicited with rectal examination
Clinical Manifestations:
- patient remains rigid with flexed knees.
- Presence of abscess can result in a tender, palpable mass & possibly fever & leukeocytosis.
- -The abdomen may be distended
Patient Teachings
Common Side Effects
Diarrhea, headache, constipation
Dose: 50 ml of 3-0.375 grams every 6 hours
Route: Oral
Drug Class: Antibiotic
Medication: Zosyn (piperacillin-tazobactam)
Rash, nausea, diarrhea
Dose: 4-8, 250 mg injections in 2 daily doses
Route: Injection
Medication: Rocephin (ceftriaxone)
Drug Class: Antibiotic
Nausea, headache, loss of appetite Dose: Dose depends on weight Route: Oral
Drug Class: Antibiotic
Medication: Flagyl (metronidazole)
Dizziness, nausea, constipation
Dose: 1, 50 mg tablet twice per day
Route: Oral
Drug Class: Opioid
Medication: Ultram (tramadol)
Abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea
Route: oral
Dose: 2-3, 50 mg tablets divided into 2 daily doses Class: NSAID
Medication: Diclofenac
Foods you should eat:
-Oat or wheat fram over breakfast cereals.
- Whole wheat flour instead of all purpose flour.
- Bronwn rice insetad of white rice.
- Fresh fruits for desserts.
Foods to avoid:
- Fried foods (fat)
- alcohol (liver)
- red meat (fat)
- cakes, pastries (too much sugar)
Medications
It is now standard practice to immediately administer pain medications such as opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or acetaminophen upon admission to an emergency room.
Penicillin-type drugs with a beta-lactamase inhibitor:.
Zosyn (piperacillin and tazobactam)
Unasyn (ampicillin-sulbactam)
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Pain medications:
- Morphine standard medication in the acute care setting
-Narco
-Tylenol