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Geography - Resource Management - Coggle Diagram
Geography - Resource Management
water insecurity
some places have a water surplus
some places have a water deficit
locations
country's north of the equator have physical water scarcity (isn't enough rainfall)
country's with the highest latitude have enough rainfall and fresh water
country's south of the equator have water scarcity - less severe than the north as there is less land
country's across the equator generally have enough water
water quality
reasons
agricultural runoff water (picks up chemical pesticides)
historical wastes (old mine workings)
runoff from roads (salt used for gritting and oil and heavy metals from car engines)
sewage waste
difficulties
costly (arguments for who pays)
scale (nearly an incident every day)
growing population (more sewage and more food)
climate change (likely to exacerbate eutrophication impacts)
plastics (nanoparticles in water)
Impacts of Water Insecurity
Crop Failure
subsistence farmers won't make any money
less food for growing population
people will go hungry
wars over who gets what land for farms
Conflict and War
death
water possibly being used on machinery
failure of businesses due to war
Diseases spread
more medical overwhelmed (NHS)
more deaths (social)
more possible pandemics
more water spent in hospitals causing less water for other places (run out quicker)
Water Wars
death of people
international fall outs
risk of bigger worldwide wars
international agreements falling through - meaning possible food connections cut
Less money
less money to spend on food income
people out of jobs
people made homeless
national status moves down (HIC, NEE, LIC)
Industrial Output Declines
less food
less money going onto the economy
people out of jobs
less money for the nation so lower wages
Malnutrition and Hunger
death
disease
long term health issues
less food
China Water Transfer South to North
Problems
$62 billion
over 1 million people were made homeless
habitat destruction
southern water levels are dropping
river runs dry
Opportunities
increased water supply for farming
more water for domestic homes
better water quality
cheaper water
more water for factories
a pipeline that transfers water from areas of water surplus to areas of water deficit
divert 44.8 billion cubic metres of water per year from the Yangtze river in southern China to the Yellow River Basin in arid northern China
water shortages in china cause them to loose $39 billion a year in lost crops and reduced industrial output
Causes of Water Shortages
increasing urban population
inefficient use of water resources
poor infrastructure and wastage
increasing demand from new industries
greater individual wealth
distribution of rainfall and population
cheap pricing of water leads to waste
