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OCD - Coggle Diagram
OCD
biological approach
genes are involved in individual vulnerability to OCD - Lewis' observations that 37% of patients parents had OCD and 22% had a sibling with OCD - OCD runs in families - what is passed on is a genetic vulnerability to OCD
genes increase likelihood - according to the diathesis stress model certain genes live some people more likely to suffer a mental disorder but it is not certain as the envrionment plays a role
candidate genes create vulnerability - are genes that have been identified that create vulnerability to OCD, some involved in regulation of serotonin - 5HT1-D beta is implicated in the efficiency of transport of serotonin
OCD is polygenic - Taylor analysed the findings of previous studies and found evidence of 230 genes being involved in OCD - serotonin and dopamine
neural explanations
Genes associated with OCD are likely to affect the levels of key neurotransmitters as well as structures of the brain - neurotransmitters relay information from one neuron to to another
the main neurotransmitter associated with OCD is serotonin which helps regulate mood - low levels of serotonin result in normal transmission of mood relevant information not taking place
the lateral frontal lobes - responsible for logical thinking an decision making are part of OCD - evidence also suggests the left parahippocampal gyrus functions abnormally in OCD
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characteristics
emotional - anxiety and distress (obsessive thoughts are frightening and the urge to repeat a behaviour creates anxiety), accompanying depression, guilt and disgust (irrational guilt, disgust directed at self or something external like dirt
behavioural -compulsions are repetitive (compelled to repeat behaviour), compulsions reduce anxiety (manage behaviour by completing compulsion), avoidance (attempt to reduce anxiety by keeping away from situations that trigger it)
cognitive - obsessive thoughts, cognitive strategies to deal with depression, insight into excessive anxiety (aware obsessions and compulsions are irrational - a necessary diagnosis of OCD)
definition
characterised by either obsessions (recurring thoughts, images etc) and/or compulsive behaviours (repetitive behaviour accompanied obsessive thinking)
DSM (diagnostic and statistical manual?) recognises OCD as a range of disorders - eg, Hoarding disorder - compulsive gathering of possessions and the inability to part with anything