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NILE DELTA AND MEDITTERANEAN COAST OF EGYP - Coggle Diagram
NILE DELTA AND MEDITTERANEAN COAST OF EGYP
Sediment
source = river nile
6650 km long
300m/s discharge
source = Ethiopia (monsoon rains) + central africa
load = 30% clay 40% silt, 30% fine sand
moves EAST
changes to sediment budget
erosion + accretion affected it - rapid reduction in amount of sediment accreted
120 mill - trace
more erosion at shoreline 148m retreat a yr
rising sea level 1.2mm - deeper water = larger waves = further inland
wind
dominant = NW - material moving east
2ndry = NE
LSD = E
landforms
parallel sandbars
- generated by dominant E longshore current + LSD
cresentric sand bars
- at ALEXANDRA because they're associated with rip currents + LSD
Facts
low energy because fluvial deposition exceeds erosion for 3000yrs CHANGED due to PHYSICAL + HUMAN factors
description
coastal plain runs parallel to MED COASTLINE 3 subunits
foreshore
elongated ridges running parallel to shoreline alternating with lagoons, salt marshes + alluvial deposits in depressions between them
frontal
S of foreshore plain
scattered eroded limestone, outcrops + clay deposits
sandy zone
variety of formations
sheets, dunes,hummcok
splits into distributes at CAIRO more than 160km inland which FAN OUT
DEPOSITS
4m deep at ASWAN
9.6 at CAIRO REGION + greater in the delta themselves
MED redistributes sediment to front of delta - forms series of curved barrier bars which close up segments of the med = lagoons = subenvironemnts which then become filled with fine sediment
why it changes overtime
reduction of sediment + rising sea levels due to climate change = deeper water =more space for wave to build up energy = more POWERFUL EROSIVE WAVES = landscape more eroded inland flooding the delta
ASWAN DAM 1964 = REDUCED SEDIMENT IN DELTA BY TRAPPING SEDIMENT
distributies 7-2
E LSD + DEPOSITION - to the 2 main nile branches = build up of spits + bars = enclose BULLURUS + MANZALA LAGOONS
INCREASED USE OF DEFENCES ROSTTA PRONOMITRY
abrupt decrease in rainfall in the Ethiopian Plateau and central Africa = less river discharge + reduction of sediment to Nile
local subsidence of the delta coast at 5.5mm a year
diametric + Rosetta have socioeconomic importance - but deposition has affected the shipping industry
rus el bar - early protection in 1940 = reduced erosion
ROSETTA PRONOMOTORY ( 1 OF 2 DISTRIBUTIRES)
result of deposition where the nile enters the med - NW winds - pronomotry exposed to waves = erosion
LSD + OC - carry eroded sediment to outer edge of delta = spit extended across BULURUS LAGOON
TODAY
NW facing beaches eroded again - lack of sediment = erosion exceeds deposition
DEPOSITIED IN SHELTERED WATER AT GAMASA
DAMIETTA PRONOMOTRY (1 OF 2 DISTRIBUTRIES)
built up by deposition of fluvial sediment in nile = eroded as facing NW winds - material transferred = spits + bars MANZALA LAGOON = SALTMARSHES(now eroding)
on shore winds = sand dunes
ALEXANDRIA
a sedimentary rock that's resistant to erosion = more developed economically same with Abu Quir Bay (developed)