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CLA Stages - Coggle Diagram
CLA Stages
Telegraphic (24-36 months)
features of phonological development
'p', 'b', 'm', 'd', 'n', 'w', 't'
'k', 'g', 'h', 'ing'
still some substitution and distortion of consonants
features of pragmatic development
leaves out unimportant words (not deliberately)
increased use of hypernyms
Jean Aitchinson - 2nd stage = packaging: understanding that a word can have a range of meaning, like 'fruit' (a hypernym)
prenarrative development begins with
heaps
and
sequences
:
heaps
- collections of unrelated ideas,
sequences
- story elements linked by perpetual bonds
features of grammatical development (including syntax and morphology)
possessive 's'
present progressive tense with suffix '-ing'
ability to put words in a 'hierarchial' order
regular past tense verbs: 'walk/walked'
uses pronouns: 'I', 'me', 'you', 'mine'
uses imperatives: 'go', 'get it', 'don't'
features of lexical and semantic development
an understanding of posession
can identify action in pictures
knows 'in' / 'on' / 'under' and 'big' / 'little'
can match colours
Post-telegraphic (36+ months)
features of phonological development
'f', 's', 'j', 'l'
42 months: 'ch', 'j', 'v', 'z', 'sh', 'r'
48+ months: 'th', 'ge/s'
phonological processes (assimilation, diminutization, doubling, final consonant deletion) disappearing by age 3
features of grammatical development (including syntax and morphology)
applies regular past tense rule to all verbs: virtuous errors
can form complex syntaxical phrases
beginning to use 'is' in front of questions
contracted forms of modals: 'won't', 'can't'
irregular plural forms emerging: 'child/children'
uses 'and' conjunction
features of lexical and semantic development
responds to commands including 2 actions and also 2 objects
knows 'in front of' and 'behind'
can idenitify texture and shape
features of pragmatic development
communicative intent - no babbling
wug test proves that most 4-5 year olds have a grasp of language rules and the regular verb ending, possessive 's' and plurals
Jean Aitchinson - 3rd stage = network building: understanding the connection between words, like the relationship between hypernyms and hyponyms
uses fillers to acknowledge other speaker's message
begins code-switching, eg using simpler language when talking to to younger children
begins using language for fantasy, jokes, teasing
corrects others
Two-word combinations (18-24)
features of lexical and semantic development
underextension and overextension
features of grammatical development (including syntax and morphology)
more of an understanding of syntax by being able to put two words in a specific order: subject → object: 'blue ball', 'bad dog'
features of phonological development
consonant sounds: 'j', 'p', 'b', 'd', 't', 'm', 'n'
substituting an easier sound for one they cannot pronounce: 'r' → 'w' (
substitution
)
features of pragmatic development
assumes the reciever knows what they're talking about
more common use of hyponyms
Leslie Rescora studied 78 and found a link between late development and language issues as they got older: if a child has fewer words in their vocab at age 2 it could linked to things like deafness and autism but also a lack of human interaction
Babbling leading to proto-words (6-12 months)
features of lexical and semantic development
could relate babbles to certain words: eg repeating 'dada' when seeing their father
features of pragmatic development
'mama' and 'dada' may be accidents but have resemblance to the words for mother and father
Katherine Nelson studied 18 children's first words and found that 60% were nouns used to describe a person, animal or thing, other 3 categories were actions, modifiers and social words (ie 'bye bye' or 'sorry')
features of phonological development
consonant-vowel combinations: 'mamama', 'dadada', 'bababa', 'nanana'
Holophrastic / one-word stage (12-18 months)
features of lexical and semantic development
one word with more in-depth meaning, eg 'up' could mean: 'pick me up' / 'look up' / 'the sky' etc
features of pragmatic development
ability to respond to questions with one word to create a sentence
Jean Aitchinson: 1st stage = labelling: understanding that words can relate to things, like understanding who 'mummy' is
features of phonological development
know language but have an inability to express it
Cooing (4-7 months)
features of lexical and semantic development
no meaning to babbles
features of pragmatic development
head turning
eyes looking for a speaker
chuckling/laughing
features of phonological development
vowel-like sounds but likely struggle with 'i' sound
unable to pronounce consonant sounds: 'p', 'b', 'm'
Vegetative (0-4 months)
phonological development
vowel sounds learnt first