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Urban Forms are the physical characteristics that make up a city,…
Urban Forms are the physical characteristics that make up a city, including its size and shape, populations density and how a city is arranged.
Human Factors that influence urban forms include, planning, infrastructure and land value
Infrastructure influences urban forms, as new developments are often built along transport routes, leading to linear growth.
Land use influences urban forms as the highest land value is found in the city centre, so profitable business normally locate there, while less profitable may be found further from the city centre.
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Planning influences urban forms as urban expansion can be planned or unplanned. E.g. in developing countries unplanned expansion results in slums developments. Planned developments often include open space.
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Physical Factors that influence urban forms include, land type, water, natural resources and topography
Natural resources influence urban forms, e.g. rich resources, such as coal and metal encourage growth in the size of the [population.
Water influences urban forms, as the presence of lakes and sea limit urban growth, while cities usually grow along the course of a river. City centre shops and businesses are usually located close to the waterfront.,
Land type influences urban forms as some surfaces are more difficult or expensive to build on than others, e.g. swamps and wetlands can limit urban growth.
Topography influences urban forms, as e.g. steep[ slopes are harder to build on and less accessible, so poorer housing may be built on them. Large flat areas encourage low density developments because there is a lot of space to build on.
New Urban Landscapes is a term for new places that have been emerging throughout cities and causing localised changes to traditional urban forms. They include:
Edge Cities
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New areas of offices, shops and leisure facilities that develop close to major transport links, where land is cheaper
The majority of them developed since the 1950s and 60s as var ownership has increased- most common in the USA.
An example is Las Colinas near Dallas, Texas
Gentrified Areas
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Poorer residents may be displaces as the cost of living increases, leading to social and ethic segregation.
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Fortress Developments
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Developments for residential or retail use with lots of security, e,g. CCTV, guards and high walls.
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Land value
The highest prices in the developed world is in the CBD, it decreases further away from the centre
In the developing world the highest house price tend to in the CBD, ut generally prices increase in value with the distance away from the centre.
Postmodernism
London shows elements of postmodernism, e.g. buildings such as The Gherkin and The Cheesegrater.
It describes the changes hat took place in the late 20th century, as it is concerned with art and architecture.
Postmodern cities have a high social and economic inequality, the planning priorities are to do with the aesthetics of the city. It is less uniform architecture, and has focus on the tertiary and quaternary sector. There are also multiple centres with different purposes.
Its characteristics include, high-tech corridors, post-suburban developments, e.g. edge cities and chaotic and a multi-nodal structure.
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Socialist, post-modern, industrial, post-modern, african and public-transport orientated cities.