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The structure and functions of the musculoskeletal system - Coggle Diagram
The structure and functions of the musculoskeletal system
Functions of the skeleton
Support - the muscles and vital organs are all kept in place and supported by various parts of the skeleton
Protection - ths is mainly provided by flat bones, eg cranium to protect the brain
Movement - different joints allow different movements
Shape - overall shape is formed from the skeleton/ Short bones enable finer controlled movements and longer bones enable larger movements
Mineral storage - such as calcium which helps with bone formation
Blood cel production - this takes palce in the bone marrow where red blood cells are formed
Specific bones
Skeleton has articulating bones, two or more bones that meet at a joint
head/neck: cranium and vertebrae
shoulder: scapula and humerus
chest: ribs and sternum
elbow: humerus, radius and ulna
hip: pelvis and femur
knee: femur, tibia and patella
ankle: tibia, fibula and talus
Types of movement at a joint
Ball and socket - joints at the shoulder and hips. Movements are abduction and adduction can take place here. (away from the midline of the body, towards the midline of the body)
Hinge - joints at the knee, elbow and ankle. Movements are flexion and extension can take place. (decreasing angle of the bones at a joint, increasing angle of the bones at a joint).
Antagonistic joints pairs
Biceps and triceps
Hamstrings and quadriceps
Gluteus maximus and Hip flexors
Gastrocnemius and Tibialis anterior
Pectoralis major and Latissimus dorsi