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ACUTE BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA - Coggle Diagram
ACUTE BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA
DEFINE
Characterized=consolidation due to exudate
A.I caused by micro-organisms
AETIOLOGY
Chronic bronchitis
>S. pneum. , H. influenzae
Cystic
fibrosis
>S.aures,H.influenzae,Pseudomonas
Viral complication
>S.aureus , S.pneumonia
Immunosuppressision
>S.pneum., S. Aureus, Pseudomonas,Anaerobes,Klebsiella
Prev. healthy
>Strep.Pneumoniae
Bronchial tumor
>S.pneum. ,S.aureus , Anaerobes
Aspiration>Anaerobes
Lobular/Bronchopnemonia
• Infection of terminal bronchioles>alveoli>
patchy grey/ red consolidation of lung
•
Multilobular and bilateral
and basal>secretion>↑ in lower zones
•
Patchy areas of inflammation
begin as bronchitis & bronchiolitis
•
Focal areas
develop within acini
• Infection localised by
rapid neutrophil response
in alveoli & bronchioles
• Organisms>in small bronchioles VIA
aspiration of purulent fluid
/penetrating inflamed bronchiolar walls>surrounding walls
• Healing by
fibrosis
Predisposing factors>
previous acute infections
such as influenza, measles, pertussis, & mycoplasma bronchitis , cystic fibrosis
chronic lung diseases such as chronic bronchitis
aspiration
of food, vomit or irritant gases
obstructed
bronchus due to foreign body/mucus
post-surgery
carcinoma
LOBAR
Diffuse fibrinosuppurative consolidation of large portion /whole lobe
• Spread limited by a fissure or pleura>segmental/lobar distribution
spread of infected edema through pores of Kohn
4 stages
Pneumococcal
Morphology
>nose(commensal)>inhaled into lung>lodges in alveoli>outpouring of edema fluid>due to hypersensitivity
Bacteriology
: Gram +ve diplococcus, type 1-3(lobar) , an type(bronchopneumonia)
4 stages
Red Hepatisation
(2-4)
Grey Hepatization
(2-3)
Acute congestion
(1-2 Days)
Resolution
(8TH DAY-Many wks)
Incidence
:50% of L.P
Sex
:males,
Age
:30-50,
Season
:Winter& early spring,
Mortality
:40%(without treatment)
Complications
Local
: emphysema, lung abscess, bronchiectasis, cornification
Dissemination
>A. pneumococcal bronchitis, foci of bronchopneumonia, bacteriamia/ septicaemia, acute endocarditis
Lobular Microscopically
Acute bronchiolitis
• 2. Infiltration by neutrophils in bronchi and bronchioles.
• 3. Thickening of alveolar septa