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Anemia, PBL 2 - Coggle Diagram
Anemia
Common symptoms
fatigue
weakness
headaches
chest pain
weight loss
pale skin
Complications
Shock (Hypoxia)
Hypotension
Heart failure
Chronic fatigue
Poor immunity
Risk factor
Genetic
Northern European or Scandinavian descent
Above 60 y/0
Part of your stomach removed
Types
Microcytic (<80 MCV)
Iron deficiency anemia
Normocytic (80 - 100 MCV)
Hemolytic anemia
Macrocytic (>100 MCV)
B12 deficiency anemia (Pernicious anemia)
Lab Investigation
Full blood count
Reticulocyte
B12 blood test
Peripheral blood film
Liver function test
B12 test
Intrinsic factor test
Parietal cell antibody test
Methylmalonic acid (MMA) test
Pathogenesis
Autoimmune (autoreactive T cell response) attack on gastric mucosa
Presence of autoantibodies that block the binding of vitamin B-12 complex to cubilin
Suppress the production of intrinsic factor
Vitamin B-12 deficiency
Epidemiology
people aged 40-70 years
10-20 cases per 100,000 people
More in Scandinavian and Celtic origin
Prevention
Eating foods high in vitamin B12
Eggs and dairy products
Beef, liver, poultry, and fish
More awareness
Hematopoiesis
Defined as production of blood cells, white cells and platelets
Growth factor
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Stem Cell Factor (SCF)
Granulocyte-Monocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)
Interlukins (IL-1,IL-2,IL-3,…IL-13)
Defintion
Anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells
PBL 2