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economic development - Coggle Diagram
economic development
Trade
- volume of English trade increased in the first half of the sixteenth century
- continued rise in cloth exports but a decline for raw wool
- significant increase in the exports of tin and hides, counterbalanced by an increase in the import of wine (suggesting a wealthier upper class)
- leading route for exports was from London to Antwerp from where it was increasingly sent to customers in Central Europe and the Baltic
- an increasing proportion of exported cloth was routed through London which had a negative impact on other ports especially Bristol - provincial traders seemed to have found it difficult to compete with their London counterparts
- the profits of the cloth trade didn't always find its way into English pockets - although 70% of cloth exports were transported by English merchants, much of the trade was in foreign hands before this there was still profits to be made for cloth
- the ability of the cloth industry to supply its markets depended on the effectiveness of the woollen cloth industry - it certainly grew in the first half of the sixteenth century
- it operated on a largely domestic basis with children carding the wool, women spinning it and men weaving it - the wool was then passed from the domestic sphere for more specialist treatment such as fulling and dyeing
- there were serious profits to be made especially by rich and entrepreneurial clothiers who were able to not only acquire wealth but also to enhance their social status
- there was some growth in the mining industries - Cornish tin remained a prize export, lead mining in the high pennines an coal mining in the northeast where growing in importance with Newcastle supplying an increasingly important London market by sea.
population
the main cause of economic distress was an increase in population putting a considerable strain on food supply
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John Guy said 'agricultural improvement promoted economic growth at the cost of peasant distress; increased production generated prosperity for landlords and impoverished for wage earners.'
society became more polarised, which undermined traditional ideals of good lordship and responsibility
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exploration
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Robert Thorne a bristol trader continued his involvement in an Iceland and Newfoundland fishery, other explorers could not win royal support for any venture
Cabot remained in Spain for most of HVIIIs reign apart from two short visits to england but it was only after Edward VI came to the throne did he return fully,
enclosure
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its harmful social effects were highlighted in Thomas More's Utopia published in 1516 and Wolsey launched an enclosure commission in the following year - fewer than 188 defendants were found to have enclosed illegally
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