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diseases - Coggle Diagram
diseases
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pathogens
Pathogens are microorganisms that cause infectious disease: viruses, bacteria, protists or fungi.
Pathogens may infect plants or animals and can be spread by direct contact, water or air.
Viruses are not living and are not made of cells, and reproduce inside our cells causing cell damage
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Testing
Pre-clinical testing - done in a lab on live animals such as mice, cells, and tissues
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New medical drugs are tested for efficacy, toxicity and dosage
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Spread of disease
-can be through air, water or direct contact
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Monoclonal antibodies
-Monoclonal antibodies are specific to one binding site on one protein antigen. They can therefore target a specific chemical or type of cell within the body and make sure it cannot reproduce
Uses:
Diagnosis: in pregnancy tests a monoclonal antibody binds to the hormone hCG produced by the embryo.
In laboratories: monoclonal antibodies are used to measure the levels of hormones and other chemicals in blood, or to detect pathogens.
In research: to locate or identify specific molecules in a cell or tissue by binding to them with a fluorescent dye.
To treat some diseases: for cancer the monoclonal antibody can be bound to a radioactive substance, a toxic drug or a chemical which stops cells growing and dividing.