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EMS TOPIC 1 Develop An Understanding of Environment Management Concept -…
EMS TOPIC 1 Develop An Understanding of Environment Management Concept
Introduction
Everyone can play a part to maintain the environment
Increasing population give pressure to everyone to maintain the environment
Resident and visitors can enjoy clean, fresh water an air in SG
Natural resource have to give way due to increasing population
Healthy and clean environment make SG a attractive place
Definition and Scope of Environmental Management
Environmental management is a process concerned with human-environment interaction
What is environmentally desirable
What are the most feasible option
What are the social, physical and technological constraints to achieving that
Environmental management seeks to steer the development process
try to avoid hazards
mitigate problem
Take advantage of opportunities
Prepare people for unavoidable difficulties by improving adaptability and resilience
Environmental issues are so intertwined with social-economic issues
Sensitive especially in poor developing countries
Environmental Management Characteristic
Seek to integrate natural and social science
Can extend from short term to long term and from local to global level
integrate different development viewpoints
Should identify opportunities and address threats and problems
demand the multi-disciplinary approach
Stresses stewardship rather exploitation
Deal with a world affected by human
Supports sustainable development
Environmental Risk Minimisation
Environmental Costs
Exposure to hazardous waste can cause cancer
Water contaminated by waste has severe impact for species, human and ecosystem
Attract rodent and insect which can cause diseases and hazardous condition to human
Treatment and disposal of contaminated water can produce greenhouse gas emission
Social Costs
No-In-My-Back-yard is to describe the opposition of resident to proposal of new development
Demand for treatment and disposal facilities
Many of environmental issues are borne by marginalized groups
Significant waste are moved to developing countries
Economic Costs
Environmental policy an reduce waste and cost
Reusing and recycling can reduce raw material and transportation costs
Efficiently designed collection route, modifying vehicles and public education can reduce cost
Location of waste treatment and disposal facilities can affect value of nearby property
High waste management cost are paid by municipal governments
Waste by countries
Waste generation grows at a lower rate than GDP
Developed countries consume more than 60% of world industrial raw products and comprise 22% of wold's population
OECD countries increase waste generation by 14% and 35% from respectively 1990 an 1980
Developing countries produce lesser waste per capita with higher proportion of organic material waste
Reduction of biological waste in developing countries
Organic waste take up at least 50% of waste in developing countries
Plastic, metals and paper has higher proportion in the municipal solid waste stream
Labour cost is low but waste management has a high proportion in municipal expenditure
Developed countries produce more waste due to higher consumption
Municipal solid waste increase faster due to increasing consumption an shortening product life spans (urbanisation)
Environmental Management Goal
Affect every public and government sectors
Wide, expanding and rapidly evolving field
Plays a crucial role in sustainable development
Seek to improve stewardship by:
Integrating ecology
Planning
Policy making
Social development
EM Goals
Sustaining and improve existing resouces
Stabling limits
Prevent and resolve environmental problems
Identifying policies and technologies that is sustainable
identifying threats and opportunities to improve qualities of life
Nurturing institution that support environmental research, monitoring and management