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Chapter 8: Project Quality Management - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 8: Project Quality Management
What is Project Quality
ISO defines quality as “the degree to which a set of inherent
characteristics fulfils requirements (ISO9000:2000)
What Is Project Quality Management?
Project quality management ensures that the project will
satisfy the needs for which it was undertaken
Scope Aspects of IT Projects
Functionality - is the degree to which a system performs its
intended function
Features - are the system’s special characteristics that appeal to users
System outputs - are the screens and reports the system
generates
Performance - addresses how well a product or service performs the customer’s intended use
Reliability - is the ability of a product or service to perform as expected under normal conditions
Maintainability - addresses the ease of performing maintenance on a product
Performing Quality Assurance
Quality assurance - includes all the activities related to satisfying the relevant quality standards for a project
Benchmarking - generates ideas for quality improvements
A quality audit - is a structured review of specific quality management activities that help identify lessons learned that could improve performance
Controlling Quality (output)
Acceptance decisions
Rework
Process adjustments
Quality Control Charts
A control chart is a graphic display of data that illustrates the results of a process over time
Checksheet
A checksheet is used to collect and analyze data
Scatter diagram
A scatter diagram helps to show if there is a relationship between two variables
Histograms
A histogram is a bar graph of a distribution of variables
Pareto Charts
A Pareto chart is a histogram that can help you identify and prioritize problem areas
Flowcharts
They show activities, decision points, and the order of how information is processed
Run Charts
A run chart displays the history and pattern of variation of a process over time
Six Sigma
Basic Information on Six Sigma
The target for perfection is the achievement of no more than 3.4 defects per million opportunities
The principles can apply to a wide variety of processes
DMAIC
Define: Define the problem/opportunity, process, and customer requirements
Measure: Define measures, then collect, compile, and display data
Analyze: Scrutinize process details to find improvement opportunities
Improve: Generate solutions and ideas for improving the problem
Control: Track and verify the stability of the improvements and the predictability of the solution
Six 9s of Quality
Six 9s of quality is a measure of quality control equal to 1 fault in 1 million opportunities
This level of quality has also been stated as the target goal for the number of errors in a communications circuit, system failures, or errors in lines of code
Testing
Types of Tests
Unit testing - tests each individual component
Integration testing - occurs between unit and system testing to test functionally grouped components
System testing - tests the entire system as one entity
User acceptance - testing is an independent test performed by end users prior to accepting the delivered system
Modern Quality Management
Requires customer satisfaction
Prefers prevention to inspection
Recognizes management responsibility for quality
ISO 9000 is a quality system
Is a three-part, continuous cycle of planning, controlling, and documenting quality in an organization
Provides minimum requirements needed for an organization to meet its quality certification standards
Helps organizations around the world reduce costs and improve customer satisfaction
suggestions for improving quality for IT projects
Establish leadership that promotes quality
Understand the cost of quality
Focus on organizational influences and workplace factors that affect quality
Follow maturity models
Five Cost Categories Related to Quality
Prevention cost: Cost of planning and executing a project so it is error-free or within an acceptable error range
Appraisal cost: Cost of evaluating processes and their outputs to ensure quality
Internal failure cost: Cost incurred to correct an identified defect before the customer receives the product
External failure cost: Cost that relates to all errors not detected and corrected before delivery to the customer
Measurement and test equipment costs: Capital cost of equipment used to perform prevention and appraisal activities
Maturity Models
are frameworks for helping organizations improve their processes and systems
The
Software Quality Function Deployment Model
focuses on defining user requirements and planning software projects
The Software Engineering Institute’s
Capability Maturity Model Integration
is a process improvement approach that provides organizations with the essential elements of effective processes