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FIQH UZ ZAKAT, Obligatory payment from specific wealth in specific terms…
FIQH UZ ZAKAT
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Types of Zakat
Fitr (Abdan)
- Wajib, must be paid within sunset on the last day of fasting untill begining of the prayer after sunrise the follwing day
- Distribute before EID prayers for the needy people us eon the EID day
- Can also be paid prior to the above date, begining untill middle of Ramadhan which will be used as Sadaqah alFitr couple of day before EID
- Measurement (one saa/ 2.7kg of rice)
Wealth (Amwal)
Excess of wealth
a. 2.5% - gold, silver and currency
b. 5% - agriculture irrigation cost (paddy)
c. 10% - agriculture without irrigation cost
d. 20% - ancient treasure
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2. Business
Paid on business based on production - private business, partnership, with Muslim and Non Muslim
3. Savings
Kept at hand, Bank or Financial Institution
Only on year end balance in a year when savings reached its nisbah and completed haul
4. Gold / Silver
To pay zakat when exceeds Nisbah
Women personal ornament not counted unless exceed custom usage. In Selangar uruf is 800g
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8. Agriculture
Imposed on staple food when reach nisbah and haul. Zakat on crops are grain, rice, dates, corn etc
6.EPF
To be paid upon withdrawal, min amt 85g gold (22k)
Not applicable those > 55yrs
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Philosophy of Zakat
Objective
- Quran - Giving one (first) of of the 5 pillars in Islam
- Giving certain percentage (surplus wealth) from rich Muslim to distribute to poor / charity
- Guard wealth against intrusion and jealously
- Cleanse oneself from being stingy, gives to poor
- Purify and cleanse wealth to get Allah blessing, by setting aside a proportion those in need
Legal Maxims
- Matters are determine according to intention (niat yg nak declare zakatable item)
- Certainty not dispelled by doubts (not stated in quran, justify why is zakatable item)
- Hardship begets facility (permudahkan)
- Injury is to put an end
- Custom is of force
Fatwa
- JAKIM - kompilasi pandangan hukum muzakarah jawantankuasa fatwa majlis kebangsaan bagi hal ehwal agama islam
- JAWHAR - kompilasi hukum dan fatwa berkaitan wakaf, zakat, haji, sumber am
Obligatory payment from specific wealth in specific terms to specific recipient and with specific rate
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- No Zakat on property without owner
- No zakat on public property
- No reward without intention
- Estimated specified portion of the property
Had Kifayah
Household income below benchmark, will receive zakat upon verification