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Atom Structure - Coggle Diagram
Atom Structure
An atom of an element has its number of protons in nucleus which makes it different from the other atoms.
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Atoms of all the elements are made up of three fundamental particles : Electrons , neutrons and protons
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The electrons revolve rapidly in fixed circular paths around the nuclues. these circular paths are called energy levels or shells or orbits
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The number of electrons in an atom is equal to the number of protons in it, hence the atom is electrically nuetral.
The nucleus is located in the center of the atom . it contains protons and neutrons, which account for the total mass of that atom
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The atoms of different elements contain different numbers of electrons, protons and neutrons.
The outermost shell of an atom is called its valence shell, and the electrons present in the valence shell are known as valence electrons.
The chemical properities of elements are dicided by these valence electrons, since they are the ones that take part in thhe chemical reactions.
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Elements with the valence shell having 8 electrons, and helium with 2 electrons, cannot gaiin or lose electrons so they are chemically inactive and are called inert gases or noble gases.
Valency of an element is the combining capacity of that element with other elements and is equal to the number of electrons that take part in chemical reactions .
The atoms of all elements, other than the inert gases, combine because they have incomplete valence shells and tend to attain a stable configuration.
Atoms of all noble gases have 8 electrons in their outermost shell. This arrangement is known as the octet rule.
There are only 6 inert gases. Namely : Helium, Neon , Argon, Krypton, Xenon and Radon.
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The number of electrons gained, lost or shared to attain the octet in the outermost shell, gives the combining capactiy of the element that is its valency
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A chemical bond may be defined as the force of attraction between the two atoms that binds them together as a unit called molecule
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