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Plant conservation, seed bank, shoot tip bank, PVS2 vitrification, PVS2…

- - - - Involve the assessment of biochemical, physiology, morphology, plant pathological and entomological
        
        IPGRI,Rome has develop list of descriptions where germplasm accession should be evaluated.
  - - - Name of species, place of origin, adaptation, and other features.
        
        Special programming computer is used to record such hugh data.
  - - - limited seeds is provided.
        
        important characteristics of the accessions will be reported to the gene bank by the researcher
- - - - Protect the area from human interference
    - - eg. penang national park
    - - NBPGR
      - / Not only conserve the existing population, but allows evolution to continue
      - Demerit:
- - - - Storage
        
        Thawing
        
        Unloading
        
        Recovery
        
        Reculture/ Regrowth
        
        Reculture must first in dark condition the gradually increase the light intensity
        
        1 more item...
        
        if 80% can be recovered then it is Eureka
        
        To rewarm the stored explant
        
        To prevent the reform of water crystal and reduce attack of free radical
        
        Optimisation of rewarming & adding of antioxidant like vitamins is essential
        
        Damage in the explant will form whitish characteristic
        
        1 more item...
        
        theoretically it can preserve the explant forever
  - - - Water in tissue is maintained in liquid condition but biochemical process is delayed.
        
        slow growth culture are static and require shelf space
        
        condition: low temperature(1-4%/4-10%--> 20-25°C/ 30°C), low oxygen pressure, hormone(ABA) & osmotic inhibotor(high level of sucrose/3-6% (w/w) mannitol.
        
        Unser such condition, plant only subculture ~1yr
        
        eg. NBPGR (ginger, banana, sweet potato)
- - - - Seed moisture: 5%
        
        Temperature: -20°C
        
        Germination test: 5-10yrs
  - - - Seed moisture 5-8%
        
        Temperature: ~0°C
  - - - Seed moisture: 10%
        
        temperature: 5-10°C
- - - - Control rate freezing
        
        To prevent cold shock by reducing the temp. step by step.
        
        Application of cryoprotecting agent yo prevent crystal formation/mechanical damage during degydration(eg. DMSO, sucrose, glycerol)
        
        Disadvantages: costly equipment, Slow recover for organised cells, low applicability to tropical species.
        
        supercooling cause ice formation; ultraslow cooling causes high concentration of solute in cytoplasm causes mechanical damage; slow cooling the best
        
        Advantage: non poison cryoprotectant, simple procedures, stability from cracking
    - - To prevent crystallization of free water which is sharp that cause damage in explant
        
        By applying cryoprotectant. eg. sucrose