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Global and National Campaigns to Eradicate Diseases - Coggle Diagram
Global and National Campaigns to Eradicate Diseases
A national (top-down) disease eradication strategy: malaria in Mauritius
1867- Malaria is endemic, killed 1/8 island's population
1948-1951- Major government-backed campaign to eliminate malaria launched (spraying buildings + breeding sites)
1973- WHO announce that malaria has been eliminated from the island
1975- Cyclone Gervaise- migrant workers reintroduced malarial parasites to the island, cyclone also provided new breeding opportunities for malarial mosquitoes
1982- Endemic forced the government into a second elimination campaign (mass administration of the anti-malaria drug + spraying predatory fish that feed on mosquito larvae)
1998-present- Government implemented passenger screening at international airport + insecticide spraying indoors/outdoors to prevent the reintroduction of malaria (so far successful - only one imported case since 1997)
Guinea worm:
Eradication programme:
Monitoring, identifying and reporting all new cases
Ensuring that those infected do not contaminate water sources
Distributing, checking and replacing water filters that remove water fleas from drinking water
Identifying water sources used by the community and requiring treatment with larvicides
Life cycle:
Enters the body - person drinks contaminated water infected with guinea larvae
Multiplying - fleas are digested, larvae released into abdominal tissue where they mate
Growing - female worms grow up to 1m, move through the body (mostly to lower limbs)
Leaving the body - about 1yr later worm emerges from the blister it creates - victim, in pain, rushes to cool the limb in water
Infesting the water - on contact with water, the worm releases clouds of larvae
Infecting water fleas - water fleas consume the worm larvae, which resist digestion
Top-down:
S - Money available
W - Expensive (take funds from other areas)
W - Remote from community needs
S - People will follow advice
S - Large scale (cover large geographical areas)
Bottom-up:
S - Community involvement
W - Small scale
W - Lack of funding
S - Non-political
S - Education (passed on)