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Protozoan & Helminthic Diseases of the Cardiovascular, Lymphatic…

- - - - Headache
      - Confusion
      - Poor coordination
      - Seizures癲癇
      - Lung problems that may resemble tuberculosis结核 or Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia肺孢子菌肺炎, a common opportunistic infection that occurs in people with AIDS
      - Blurred vision caused by severe inflammation of your retina (ocular toxoplasmosis眼弓形蟲病)
    - - An enlarged liver and spleen肝臟和脾臟腫大
      - Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice黃疸)
      - Seizures癲癇
      - Severe eye infections
  - - - Atovaquone
        
        an antibiotic that has been used to kill Toxoplasma cysts inside AIDS patients
      - Clindamycin
        
        an antibiotic that, in combination with atovaquone, seemed to optimally kill cysts in mice
    - - Pyrimethamine
        
        an antimalarial medication抗瘧藥
      - Sulfadiazine
        
        an antibiotic used in combination with pyrimethamine to treat toxoplasmosis
        
        Combination therapy is usually given with folic acid supplements to reduce incidence of thrombocytopaenia.
        
        Combination therapy is most useful in the setting of HIV.
      - Clindamycin
      - Spiramycin
        
        an antibiotic used most often for pregnant women to prevent the infection of their children.
- - - - transmitted among mammalian(哺乳動物) hosts by
        female sand flies (白蛉)
    - - 內臟利什曼病
        
        later presents with fever, low count of red blood cells, and enlarged spleen and liver.
        
        Cases appear in South Asia, Central and South America and Central Africa
        
        starts with skin ulcers
      - 黏膜皮膚利什曼病
        
        Severe cases can cause disfigurement (毀容)
        
        Most cases are in South America
        
        ulcers of the skin, mouth, and nose
      - 皮膚利什曼病
        
        Cases appeared in West Asia and South America
        
        skin ulcers
    - - 根據原蟲種類、染病地點、感染類型決定
        
        印度、南美洲和地中海的內臟利什曼病
        
        liposomal amphotericin B 脂質體兩性黴素 B
        
        內臟和皮膚利什曼病
        
        Miltefosine 米替福新
    - - Leishmania
    - - sleeping under nets treated with insecticide
      - Avoid going outdoors or in the woods at dusk and evening
      - spraying insecticides (殺蟲劑)
      - Often wear long-sleeved shirts and pants
- - - - swollen lymph nodes
      - headaches
      - fever
      - swelling at the site of the bite
    - - heart failure
      - enlarged esophagus
      - heart disease
      - enlarged colon
  - - - Triatominae, or "kissing bugs"
  - - - microscope
      - polymerase chain reaction
    - - antibodies
- - - - 寄生於釘螺
    - - 可通過皮膚侵入
    - - 到達門靜脈系統，即定居其中發育為成蟲
  - - - 智力減退
      - 生殖機能問題
      - 發育不良
      - 血吸蟲性侏儒症