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Chinese Civil War Practices - Coggle Diagram
Chinese Civil War Practices
Mobilisation
Initial successes of the KMT, but was rendered ineffective as the CCP changed their tactics.
Analysis
: Up until 1947, it is arguable that the KMT had a clear statistical advantage, with more manpower and greater artillery. However, this was only short-term and unsustainable as the CCP adapted to overcome the KMT's attacks.
Evi 2: Initial success in the capture of Manchuria, 500,000 of Chiang''s best troops took control of all Manchurian cities except for Harbin between 1946 and 1947
Evi 3: KMT captured the CCP base at Yan'an between 1946 and 1947
Evi 1: At the beginning of the war, the KMT had 2,700,000 soldiers, compared to the CCP who had only 900,000
Superior mobilisation tactics demonstrated by the CCP contributed to their eventual victory despite their initial weaknesses.
Analysis
: Foresight possessed by CCP leadership in re-evaluating tactics was especially beneficial in turning the tide fo the war. Not only did their later victories raise mroale of their own troops, it also led many KMT soldiers to switch sides or desert entirely, reducing the efficiency of KMT mobilisation.
Evi 1: Lin Biao, PLA leader, adopted successful guerrilla warfare to undermine the KMT, ambushing KMT units and forcing them to remain in urban areas
Evi 2: Successful capture of the Yellow River Valley, Shandong Province and Manchuria by the CCP in 1948
Evi 3: Chiang had to switch to a defensive strategy after losing over 500,000 of his best troops under the rapidly changing PLA tactics.
Foreign intervention
Despite the KMT receiving significant foreign aid from the US, ultimately was inadequate.
Analysis
: While the US provided the KMT with significant financial aid, their mobilisation efforts and tactics were ultimately ineffective and the money was used in an unproductive manner which did not ensure victory. Whilst having access to resources is critical, the use of said resources are just as important, and the KMT demonstrated their use of resources throughout the civil war was inferior to that of the CCP.
Evi 2: A large amount of arms were provided, as well as mobilisation support through the airlift to Manchuria in 1946
Evi 3: White Paper 1949 (US relations with China), the recognition that CCP victory was inevitable.
Evi 1: USA provided $3,000,000,000 in aid
Limited foreign intervention did not hinder CCP success.
Analysis
: Aid to the CCP from Japan mainly consisted of aircrafts, which was not particularly significant as battles were mainly land campaigns and therefore aircrafts became somewhat irrelevant. However, land campaigns carried out by the CCP were still majorly successful despite the lack of foreign intervention.
Evi 1: USSR limited aid to the KMT under the Comintern in the 1920s
Evi 2: Assistance to the CCP was limited due to fear of US intrusion
Evi 3: Soviet military aid in Manchuria helped modernise the PLA - switching from guerrilla to conventional warfare
Technology
Technology was not the most critical factor as demonstrated by the fact that despite the fact that the KMT had a technological advantage, they still lost the war.
Analysis
: Highlights the effectiveness of guerrilla warfare in that the CCP were able to overcome their own technological weaknesses and inferiority.
Evi 2: 400,000 KMT troops killed at Liaoshen (1948)
Evi 3: 200,000 KMT troops killed at Huahai (1949)
Evi 1: CCP captured 15 towns and cities, killing 15,000 KMT troops and eliminating the KMT Northeastern Army