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Supergenes and their role in evolution - Coggle Diagram
Supergenes and their role in evolution
When looking at two linked loci, selection can change the rate at which recombination occurs.
This change was greatest when the change in one allele was with an allele on the same chromosome (neighboring).
Translocation model was not likely to occur, mutation along with the supergene seems more likely
Molecular genetic theories
switching phenotypes occur due to alternative splicing or one transcription factor who's effects are considered downstream (Nijhout)
expression of multiple genes at one time can be explained by regulatory linkage (West-Eberhard)
Supergenes are composed of multiple methods that are linked as well as elements that are adapted together
data collected shows that there is an unbalance between linking and that there are many rearrangements in the chromosomes.
Self-incompatibility and heterostyly in flowering plants
heterostyly: the separation of male and female parts. This is done through physical separation.
Linkage between these genes dictate whether the plant has male or female type responses. This could lead to the favoring of the supergene structure.
In homomorphic SI, intercellular interactions leads to incompatibility which can lead to degradation of self-pollination and growth.
Supergenes play a big role in mimicry capabilities of certain organisms
Mimicry leads to selection which is negative frequency dependent. Best example is polymorphic mimetic butterflies
It is proposed that the locus designated for wing pattern was predisposed to the development of a supergene from an ancestral lineage.
reduced recombination and local polymorphism are the two main factors creating the result of this mimicry in these wing patterns of different species of butterflies.
Thompson MJ, Jiggins CD. 2014. Supergenes and their role in evolution. Macmillan.113(1) :1-8
Social Polymorphism: Green Beard hypothesis
If the carriers of an altruistic allele were acted upon with altruistic behavior, altruism would occur.
First proven in the ant
S.invicta
in the linkage of queen reproduction and worker signals.
pgm-3: gene linked to Gp-9 in this ant species
GP-9: gene for odorant binding protein
Adaptive coloration in male guppys
color and size polymorphism only in males of this species. Leads to believe it is on the Y- linked loci.
Recombination of the X chromosome
sex linked polymorphism supergene