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Geographical Information System - Coggle Diagram
Geographical Information System
What is it?
collection of computer hardware, software, data, people and processes
designed to capture, store, update, manipulate, analyse and display spatially referenced data
types of data
spatial
shape and location of geographical features
attribute
characteristics of geographical features
methods of storing
vector data
representation of an area using points, lines and polygons
raster data
representation of an area using grid cells or pixels.
Processes
data input
data storage
data analysis
output information
data management
data application
sources of information
remote sensing
aerial photos and satellite images
survey data
roads, railways, altitude, Census data
measure data
rainfall, temperature, air pressure.
other maps
primary data
first hand observations and measurements
Surveying, GPS points, measurements, tests, sketch maps, census
secondary data
existing data measured and captured by another organisation
topographic maps, satellite images, attribute data in tables, models, newspaper articles
REMOTE SENSING
used to study landscapes, ecosystems, hydrology, atmosphere, climate change, human development and the impact of humans on the environment
Types of remote sensing
Passive sensors are sensors that measure reflected sunlight emitted from the sun
Active sensors send light to their targets and measure the reflected energy back to them
advantages
Data can be collected for inaccessible areas
Large areas can be captured as images
They are consistent images over time
Active sensors can be used during the night or cloudy days
Data Base
Data base is a collection of data organized for use in computers
Data Layering
the placing of one map on top of another to see the relationship between different sets of data
Uses
Different sets of data can be compared
Relationships between different sets of data can be established
Analysing different sets of information
Comparisons can assist with future developments
Data Intergration
The integration of data from different maps into
one map which summarises the overlaying process
Buffering
a process of demarcating an area around a feature
Data Manipulation
when data is processed and converted into useful information
Data Standardisation
to make the data similar set to allow data sharing
Data Sharing
to make data available for other users to access