Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
CHAPTER 4: SURVEY OF TOURISM PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 4: SURVEY OF TOURISM PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
4.1 SURVEY OF AREAS CHARACTERISTIC
INTRODUCTION
Reasons of performing this survey
Provide base for specific research and analysis
Elements to be surveyed
Location
The country or region should be structurally specified and mapped.
Show the important consideration with respect to major markets.
In terms of tour planning, the multi destination tours and complementary tourism products development must be identified.
Natural Environment
Climate
Recognize climatic pattern (weather, temperatures, season)
Intensity and frequency of climatic hazards
Topography
Clarify the surface features of the land
Wildlife and vegetation
Wildlife can be indicated by type extent and general location.
Vegetation can be categorized as large tree forest, scrub forest, grassland ; common species and conservation problems
Coastal and Marine Areas
Types of coastline such as, offshore island, tidal ranges and underwater sea life formations
Conservation problems such as reefs damages and species endangerment.
underwater topography, underwater strong current and undertows.
Geology
Location and extent of underground water and mineral resources
Areas of development in terms of stable foundation material
Ecological Systems
Combination of climate, topography, vegetation and wildlife for both water and land areas.
Natural Resource Areas
Naturally, the economic suitability of the place
Historical Influences
Influence social value systems and attitudes.
Social cultural and Economic Patterns
Population characteristics
The number and geographic distribution of population
Cultural patterns.
Including structure, value systems, customs, life-styles and attitude related to tourism development and residents working in tourism areas
Economic pattern
Economic profile of the country
Major components of economy, gross national product, income levels and distributions, types and values of export and import and balance of payment.
Identify economically depressed area
4.2. SURVEY OF INSTITUTIONAL ELEMENTS.
Introduction
Performed to understand the government view of attracting business to a place
Rules and regulations are made by government
Depth areas to be surveyed
Present Policies and Plans
Investors are require to be aware of the current policies and business plans of the country especially related to
Both Document research area and Discussion with government agencies and private sectors.
Develop policies every 5 years or ten years
Government and tourism organizations structures
The structure, functions and staffing for tourism development corporation, advisory board or committee to view its appropriateness and effectiveness.
Political ideologies and influences ca greatly affect the type and extent of tourism development and how it is developed and managed
Investments Policy and availability of Capital
Investment policies for development project need to be researched.
Government incentives and investment policies required clear cut examination.
Investment policies must be made available for local and outside capital in tourism project.
Availability of capital resources may need to be investigated internationally and locally.
Investigate where loans can be made both locally or internationally.
Tourism Legislation and Regulations
Specific law related to hotel, travel agency, tour guiding services need to be established.
General regulation like zoning, building construction and hygiene standards require development.
Tourism education and training institutions
Existing tourism education and training programs should be surveyed and evaluated
The institution provide manpower planning and development.
4.3. SURVEY OF TOURIST ATTRACTION AND ACTIVITIES
Three major categories of attractions
Natural attractions that are based on features of the natural environment
Cultural attractions that are based on man’s activities
Special types of attractions – that are artificially created
NATURAL ATTRACTIONS
Climate
A warm, sunny, dry climate is typically considered desirable by most tourists
A long climatically desirable season is obviously an advantage for development of tourism
Scenic Beauty
A major motivation to visit, especially if conservation measures have been applied to maintain the environment
Outstanding scenic areas should be designated as national or regional parks or have development controls
Beaches and Marine Areas
Beaches and other water based activities are major attractions in many places in the world.
Attract both general tourists as well as special interest tourists
Flora and Fauna
Unusual and interesting flora and fauna can be very important attractions
Also attract the general tourists and the special interests and amateur botanists
Special Environmental Features
High mountains, unusual geological formations, caves, hot springs and mild forms of volcanic activity are considered as attractions for both general sight-seeing and special interest tourists.
Park & Conservation Areas
National or regional parks, nature reserves, and wildlife refuges.
Evaluation of parks and their facility development as tourist attractions should include the consideration
An important concept of park development and operation now is to educate the visitor
Health Tourism
Sometimes related to the natural environment
Diet resort, a place where people go to lose weight and regain physical vitality
Hospital; offer package for operation include travel arrangement
CULTURAL ATTRACTIONS
Archaeological, Historical, and Cultural Sites
Cultural and national monuments, historic buildings, districts, religious building and places of historic events
Important for viewing by tourists and reflecting tourism trends in recent years
Not only conservation but and integrated presentation and explanation of the site through exhibit, demonstration & animation techniques
Distinctive Cultural Patterns
Cultural patterns include customs, dress, ceremonies, lifestyles and religious beliefs and practices of local life
But care must be taken in the presentation of cultural patterns in the interface between residents and tourists to avoid social problems
Arts and Handicrafts
The performing art forms, including dance, music, drama, fine arts and sculpting can be important attractions
Art forms can be those associated with small-scale traditional cultures
Handicrafts of an area can be both an interesting attraction for tourists and a source of income for local artisans
Interesting Economic Activities
Types of specialized cultural attraction is observation, description & sometimes demonstration of interesting economic activities
Traditional market places are also widely popular with tourists
Interesting Urban Areas
Large urban areas with varied architectural styles, historic buildings, shopping facilities are of interest to many tourists
In some cities, theater performance including plays, operas, concerts are major attractions for tourists as well as residents
Museums and Other Cultural Facilities
Usually developed primarily for residents but can be important attractions for domestic and international tourism
In addition to national and regional museums, there are also site museums associated with specific archaeological, historical or natural features
Cultural Festivals
Such as large religious festival and cultural performance such as Citrawarna
Friendliness of Residents
A very real attraction for many tourists can be the friendly, hospitable character of local residents
More generally, the locals tolerance and acceptable of tourists visiting their environment
SPECIAL TYPES OF ATTRACTIONS
Theme Parks, Amusement Parks & Circuses
Theme parks are oriented to particular themes
Theme parks can be very successful but may also be failures, and their market & economic feasibility must be carefully analyzed
Theme parks evolved from amusement parks which entertainment provided at fairs, carnivals & circuses
Shopping
In urban tourism, large department stores that are internationally well known such as Harrod’s in London
Specialty shops handling such items as fashion clothing & jewelry in many types of tourist destinations are popular
Meetings, Conferences & Conventions
Domestic & international conference & convention tourism, including small meetings, seminars
Many countries, regions, cities, resorts & individual hotels have developed various types of meeting & some conference facilities
Conference tourism seems to function best in locations that offer a range of nearby attractions & activities for conference-goers & their spouses
Is a highly competitive & should be carefully evaluated to determine its overall market & economic feasibility and the most appropriate type of facilities to be developed
Special Events
Organized for the purpose of attracting tourists & also for reasons such as national or regional prestige & gaining new facility complexes for permanent use
Large events can also be environmentally disruptive – so must be specifically evaluated before decision is made
Gambling Casinos
Have been developed in certain places as major attractions but there is little negative social impact from gambling on the local residents
Entertainment
Is a broad category and has been referred to relative to the traditional & contemporary performing arts and its association with gambling casinos and their resort environments
Nightclubs, discos & some restaurants in tourism areas provide evening entertainment
Recreation and Sports
Mostly of a local scale catering to residents of an area
Some types can be important primary or secondary attractions for tourists
4.4. SURVEY OF MARKETS, FACILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE
Introduction
Survey of market, facilities and services as well as infrastructure are essential for developing tourism destination.
Survey of market, facilities and services as well as infrastructure are essential for developing tourism destination.
Survey of Tourist Facilities & Services
General approach
Existing tourist facilities and services should be surveyed and evaluated with respect to their type, extent, and suitability for the present and future level and type of tourism development.
It provides the basis for recommending improvements needed to existing facilities and services.
Standards for survey and evaluation need to be established is based on accepted international standards and the tourist markets being aimed for
Minimum standard of hygiene and safety should also be evaluated.
Sometimes tourist attitude surveys
Accommodation
The most common type of accommodation are hotels, which include
City or downtown hotels usually catering to both business and holiday travelers.
Convention hotels catering to large conferences and conventions and often also general business and holiday travelers.
Airport hotels located near large airports designed for use by transient travelers, but also now often including meeting facilities for used by business travelers flying in to hold meeting with local persons
Hotels oriented to major railway or bus stations in cities and catering to transient travelers
Resort hotels which offer a wide range of facilities and services including recreation and amenity features in an attractive environment and oriented to holiday tourist market
Other types of accommodation
Campgrounds, which provide camping sites and sometimes rental tents and cabins with provision of toilet, washing and sometimes recreational facilities
Caravan parks, which often called recreational vehicle (RV) parks in the USA, which provide spaces and facilities for mobile accommodation of trailers and
Caravan parks, which often called recreational vehicle (RV) parks in the USA, which provide spaces and facilities for mobile accommodation of trailers and motorized campers.
Other services.
Tour and travel operations
Eating and drinking establishments
Money exchange and other financial services
Medical facilities and services
Survey of Transportation & Other Infrastructure
Definition
It refers to those forms of construction on or below the ground that provide the basic framework for effective functioning of development systems such as urban areas, industry and tourism.
reasons why infrastructure is important
Adequate infrastructure is essential for the successful development of tourism.
Proper development of infrastructure is very important to maintain environmental protection from air and water pollution, congestion and other types of environmental problems and achieving resource conservation.
It serves as general community and economic development needs, and often serve tourism with only moderate expansion. But tourism in return, helping to pay for infrastructure costs from socioeconomic benefit.
Survey of Transportation Facilities & Services
Consideration of air access facilities & services
Adequacy of the airports, including the size, layout, efficiency of operations, passenger handling capacities, capabilities and maintenance levels of terminal facilities.
Number, lengths, bearing load capabilities, and maintenance levels of the run ways
Existing origin, type and frequency of air flights handled and total passenger capacities of present service with any particular problems such as undue delays or cancellation of flights noted
Any plans for improvements of the facilities & changes or expansion (or reduction) of passenger flights origins, schedules, and passenger capacities. The safety records of flight should be examined.
Evaluation of access must be related to
The location of the major existing and potential tourist markets and capabilities to handle the numbers of tourists from those origin areas
The quality levels of comforts and service provided.
The travel costs such as air fares, should be within the context of comparable distance fares to other tourist destinations.
The cost, efficiency and convenience of ground transportation services from the access points
Tourist Market Survey
Cruise Ship Tourists
Basic information of the passenger characteristics can be obtained from cruise ship to determine their specific characteristics
Tour Operators
interviews of tour operators in the existing and potential market origin countries
General Travel Pattern and Tourism Trends
Reviewing global and regional travel patterns
patterns should include consideration of number, origin and types of tourists, and A survey of these general travel location and types of destination that are popular.
4.5. MARKET, FACILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE ANALYSIS.
Introduction
Understand more about tourism destination
Data gathered in the survey sections require to be interpreted wisely
Fail to interpret may cause a failure to tourism destination over a period of time tourism industry is sensitive to changes
General Analysis Approach
Market analysis
Projections of accommodation and other tourist facility needs
Determination of transportation and other infrastructure requirements (these factors then feed into the integrated analysis and synthesis)
The most effective approach and one commonly used is market segmentation.
It refers to the process of grouping together people of similar characteristics, origins and desires for travel experiences
Market segmentation analysis is typically based on the four factors (Socioeconomic or demographic, Product-led segmentation, Psychographic, Geographic)
Market projections or targets depend on many variables that are only partially predictable, including international economic conditions and their impact on travel.
Experience has shown that market projections or targets may be valid during the long term, but the time period of realizing the demand level of tourists may need to be adjusted.
Integrated analysis & synthesis
A physical (natural and built environment), social and economic factors, including tourist attractions
An activities and present policies and plans, and establishment of general tourist carrying capacities at the national and regional levels
The analysis that consists of analysis of physical, social and economic factors and evaluation & existing development policies andplans are conducted with reference to their relationships to tourism
Along with the survey and evaluation of tourist attractions, activities, facilities & services, and infrastructure which are basic inputs to formulation of the tourism plan.
These analysis should be integrated & synthesized so that the analysis of each factor is related to the analysis of all the other factors and their interrelationships are understood.
Physical elements to be analyzed
Characteristics of the natural environment
Significant resource areas
Land use and settlement patterns
Planned accommodation, tourist facilities and services.
Existing and already planned transportation facilities and services
Major opportunities
Outstanding or unique type of tourist attraction
Highly successful existing tourism development that should be retained and reinforced
Particular market segment with much potential that should be promoted
Well-developed infrastructure component that can be utilized for tourism.
Highly motivated service-oriented labor supply