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hazardous earth revision, composite volcanoes are volcanoes that are:…

- - - - convergent plate boundaries are when 2 plates move together. because there is no subduction, there would never be any volcanoes on these plate boundaries, however, you are likely to find major earthquakes and fold mountains.
        
        divergent plate boundaries are when 2 plates move away from each other, which causes magma to rise, trying to fill the gap. on these boundaries, you are likely to find shield volcanoes, rift valley and earthquakes.
        
        conservative plate boundaries are where 2 plates slide against each other in large jolts of movement with a release of friction. this leads to fault lines and major earthquakes. you will not find volcanoes.
- - - - tsunamis are caused by earthquakes at sea. they form when energy from an earthquake vertically jolts the seabed. massive waves then double backwards away from the earthquakes epicenter. in deeper waters, the tsunami will move at a greater speed. when it reaches shallow waters, it will slow in speed but increase in height.before a tsunami hits land, it will look like all the water has retracted off of the beach, exposing hundreds of meters of sand.
- - - - tilt meters: tilt meters are devices that can be installed on volcanoes, they measure the tilt of a volcano as it swells, often before an eruption.
        
        hazard proofing homes: hazard proofing housing are houses that are pretty much earthquake proof. this stops a majority of the deaths in an earthquake form falling buildings and debris.
        
        emergency services: these are services that specialist in post tectonic events. this could be rescuing or supplying food and water to people in need.
        
        some buildings in japan and america, have earthquake defenses, such as having rubber blocking in the roots of the building which hopefully absorb all the shock from the earthquake. they also have weights on the roof, which make the building tilt/sway with the earthquake, preventing the building from collapsing.
        
        impacts of the Tohoku earthquake, japan:
        1000 deaths, damage to railways and roads, electricity and sewage systems damaged, Tokyo suffered from liquefaction (ground turning to liquid), Fukushima dam burst, cutting power to the nuclear power station, the tsunami caused 17000 deaths and over 5000 injuries, $300 billion worth of damage to homes, buildings and transport.