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Traumatic brain injury Swaiman * - Coggle Diagram

- - - - appearance
        
        linear 75%: single/multiple/comminuted - stellate
        
        depressed - risk of cerebral contusion/laceration, neonate: ping-pong fracture
        
        open - prophylactic antibiotic recommended, neurosurgery
        
        diastatic suture: no acute intervention indicated, follow up is needed - chronic growing scull fracture, leptomeningeal cyst
      - location: parietal>occipital>frontal>temporal
      - basal skull fracture: petrous bone
      - association with intracranial injury: CT scanning should ALWAYS be performed
      - clinical manifestation: soft tissue swelling, hematoma, skull defect, crepitus, basilar skull fracture, hemotympanum, periorbital cccymosis (racoon eyes), retroauricular ecchymosis (Battle sign), CSF otorrhoea, CSF rhinorrhoea Cranial nerve deficits I, II, VII, VIÍI (facial paralysis, anosmia, nausea, vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus, tinnitus, or hearing loss)
      - liquorrhoea: risk of infection? prophylactic antibiotic inconsistently recommended