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VENTILATION-PERFUSION PART 2 - Coggle Diagram
VENTILATION-PERFUSION PART 2
Normal V-Q MATCHING
Alveolar>capillaries via diffusion
Pressure gradient depended
Surface area depndent>more alveoli ,the greater the Gas exhange
Diffusion of coefficient>>solubility(CO2 able to cross easier than O2)
Thickness of membrane>determines the length the gas needs to pass from alveoli-capillaries
PERFUSION
Vascular activity: whether opened =enough
Pulmonary capillaries pressure to push
Cardiac output generated by the right side.Depends on whether there is any blood in the vessels
Ventilation Mechanisms:inspired FiO2,O2 cascade,cmpliance,ventilation mechanics
NORMAL CHEST X-RAY:PA
Radiopaque-more dense(white):Ribs,blood,bone
Air:dark
VQ Mismatch
Diffusion barrier
Problem with diffusion>Barrier in the form of ffibrosis or oedema
Blue blood(not oxygenated)>>assessed via AA Gradient calculation
CXR(Pulmonary Fibrosis): Lung parenchyma(lots of spots>radiopaque compared to where the should be air spaces>something occupying lung interstitial>affect alveolar interface>barrier
CXM:Pulmonary oedema due to HF: lungs not aerated due to fluid accumulation>diffusional barrier
ALVEIOLAR DEAD SPACE:not acting like part of the lung
Defect in Perfusion:O2 not picked up
Cut off of pulmonary circulation
Normal dead space;have anatomical spaces-2m(trachea) where o2 is there but not expected to exchange
Physiological dead space: Anatomical(depends on anatomical dimensions)+Alveolar
Physiological>alveolar dead space increase
CXR: Pulmonary embolism: blood vessels going lings obstructed(DVT)>Cut off of pulmonary circulation
-INTRAPULMONARY SHUNT
WASTED PERFUSION:Area perfused but not ventilated
CXR:Area that should not be opaque: Right Upper Lobe Lung Collapse/SEGMENTL COLLAPSE)
Defect with VENTILATION(No O2 deliverd to alveoli even though CO2 may try to come out