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SPECIMEN REQUIREMENTS & CLINICAL DISORDERS - Coggle Diagram
SPECIMEN REQUIREMENTS & CLINICAL DISORDERS
Specimen BGA
↑Heparin<Dry heparin:**Dilutes blood >change pH**
Delayed delivery<Deliver rapid on ice: glycolysis progresses>
lactic acid
, Blood cells lyse>
falsely
↑K,PO4 ,LDH
Clots<Syringe treated by heparin:
blockage of tube
Contact with air<Blood syringe/sealed/no bubbles:
equilibration of gases
(↓PCO2 , ↑ PO2)
unlabeled sample<Label syringe:
Patient identity mistakes
Venous blood
(low O2)
<Arterial blood:
METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
Diarrhoea
>loss of HCO3- rich fluid>↓HCO3->↓pH>Normal Anion gap
DKA
>↓ insulin>↑Fatty Acid Ox.>Keto acids>↑ Anion gap
↓HCO3->left shift>↑H+
LACTIC ACIDOSIS
>↓O2>lactate not converted to glucose by liver>↑Anion Gap
↑H+>shifted to the R.>↓HCO3-
METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
↓H+->left shift>↑HCO3-
↑HCO3-+>shifted to the R.>↓H+
e.g. Vomiting
RESP. PATHOLOGY
HYPERVENTILATION(↓CO2)
ALL
:↓CO2 ,
SOME
:HYPOXIA
RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
check attached table for disorders
ASTHMA(#TABLE)
HYPOVENTILATION(↑CO2)
RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
Table attached
ALL
↑CO2 ,
ALL
:HYPOXIA