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NURFATIN SYAFIQA BINTI NORMAN (H18A0447) Fat Soluble Vitamins - Coggle…
NURFATIN SYAFIQA BINTI NORMAN (H18A0447) Fat Soluble Vitamins
Vitamin A
Types
Retinol: present in animal foods, such as liver, meat, fatty fish, eggs and milk fat
Beta carotene: present especially in plants such as dark green leafy vegetables, bright yellow fruits.
Functions
Important nutrient for normal vision especially in the dark
Maintain and help in rebuilding of glandular and epithelial tissues
Necessary for normal skeletal growth of human beings
Deficiency
Xerophthalmia: abnormal dryness of the conjunctive and cornea of the eye with inflammation and ridge formation
Toxicitiy
Excess intake during pregnancy may contribute to birth defect
Carotenoids are not toxic, but large dose can lead to
hypercarotenemia
Carotenoid supplements may be harmful to cigarette smokers - an increase in lung cancer
Vitamin K
Sources
Kiwi, mustard greens, soybean oil, lentils and carrots
Functions
A coenzyme for the production of prothrombin and other blood-clotting factors
May be involved in health of bones and blood vessels – useful for the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis
Deficiency
Abnormal coagulation is the major symptom
May result from fat malabsorption and long-term use of antibiotics
Most common in newborns
Toxicity
No documented side effects up to 370 ug/day
No UL set
High dose can interfere with anticoagulant drugs
Vitamin E
Sources
Sunflower seeds, almonds, safflower oil and olive oil
Functons
Most vitamin E is taken to the liver
Lipoproteins deliver vitamin E to the tissues
Primarily function as a fat-soluble antioxidant
Protects unsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes by neutralizing free radicals
Deficiency
Rare
Occurring in those who have fat malabsorption, inherited abnormalities of vitamin E metabolism, and protein-energy malnutrition
Newborns are at higher risk;
hemolytic anemia
possible
Membrane damage and neurological problems are symptoms
Toxicity
Relatively nontoxic
Large doses of vitamin E may interfere with blood-clotting and functions of vitamin K
Lack of scientific evidence to support health claims by supplementation
Vitamin D
Functions
Maintain blood levels of calcium and phosphorus for bone health
Needed to maintain normal function of parathyroid gland and the immune system
May prevent certain types of cancer heart disease
Deficiency
Dietary calcium cannot be absorbed
Rickets
In children
Osteomalacia
in adults
Certain populations are particularly at high risk
Toxicity
Not caused by natural foods and/or sun exposure
Over supplementation and over fortification pose risk
UL: 50 ug for adults
Sources
Salmon, eggs and milk