Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Honors Chemistry(Period 4) - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Rules For Counting Sig Figs:
        Nonzero Integers - Always count as significant
        Leading Zeros - Never count as significant
        Captive zeros - Always count as significant
        Trailing Zeros - After a decimal always count as signifiant
        Exact Numbers - Infinite number of Sig Figs
        
        Properties of Matter: Extensive Properties - It depends on the amount of matter that is present in the reaction.
        Intensive Properties- It only depends on the type of matter present, not the amount present.
        Physical Properties - A property that a substance displays without changing its composition
        Chemical Property - A property that a substance displays only by changing its composition
        Rutherford's Findings -Nucleus is mostly small, dense, atom is mostly empty space.
- - - - Electronic Configuration: Energy level, Type/Shape of orbital, orientation, then spin up or spin down.
        
        Rules for Placing Electrons in Orbital Diagram:
        
        Aufbau Principle: An electron occupies the lowest orbital it can(Fill from the bottom up)
        
        Pauli Exclusion Principle: No two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of 4 quantum numbers.
        
        Hund's Rule: Orbitals of equal energy are reach occupied by the second electron.
        
        Noble Gases: Noble Gases have a full valence shell (s and p are full)
- - - - Percent Composition: Determining the molecule's mass is from each of the elements.
        The formula we can use to find percent composition is: element's mass/molecule's mass * 100 = percent composition
        
        Empirical Formula: The most reduced version of the formula above. We have to get it to the smallest whole number ratios possible.
        
        Molecular Formula: The actual version of the formula above. It doesn't have to be in simplest form.
- - - - Charle's Law: V1/T1 = V2/t2 , pressure and # moles held constant , direct relationship , if temp increases then volume decreases
        
        Gay-Lussac's Law; P1/T1 = P2/T2 , volume and # moles held constant , direct relationship , if temp decreases then pressure increases
        
        Avogadro's Law: V1/n1 = V2/n2 , pressure and temp held constant , direct relationship , if # of moles increases, then volume increases
        
        Combined Gas Law; P1V1/T1 = P2/V2/T2 , # of moles held constant , combines most common variables together
        
        Ideal Gas Law PV = nRT
- - - - Heating and Cooling Curves -Sloped: Heating or cooling. Flat: Phase changes. Heat curves will have positive slopes whereas cooling curves will have a negative slope.
- - - - Rate-Determining Step: Slowest step in multi step reaction, determines the rate of a reaction
        
        Average Rate: -Rate is not always constant. Can start fast and slow down.The formula is: Average Rate A[X] / AT = [X]final - [X]initial / final - tintial