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Protozoa ciliates - Coggle Diagram
Protozoa ciliates
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Trichodina
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Characteristics
saucer-shaped (Fattah et al.,2020), moves along by means of its cilia.
Infection method
- parasites multiplies rapidly
- by direct contact of infected and uninfected organisms
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Treatments
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- crude extract of garlic (Chitmanat et al.,2005)
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Infection signs
skin and gill damage, respiratory distress, loss of appetite and loss of scales(Fattah et al.,2020)
Tetrahymena
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Symptoms
Whitish skin lesions , Enlargement of eye (Klinger and Floyd, 1987; Leibowitz et al., 2010)
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Prevention
Keep the water clean always, Isolate infected fish right away
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Chilodonella
Symptoms
White spots, flashing, loss appetite, clamped fins
Infection method & organ
weakened bodies affected by the primary agents, .
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Treatment
malachite green, formalin, salt bath (G. Bastos Gomes et al., 2017)
Life cycle
reproduce asexually via meiosis,
Identification
light microscope (Giana Bastos Gomes et al., 2019)
References
Bastos Gomes, G., Jerry, D. R., Miller, T. L., & Hutson, K. S. (2017). Current status of parasitic ciliates Chilodonella spp. (Phyllopharyngea: Chilodonellidae) in freshwater fish aquaculture. In Journal of Fish Diseases (Vol. 40, Issue 5). https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12523Bastos Gomes, Giana, Hutson, K. S., Domingos, J. A., Infante Villamil, S., Huerlimann, R., Miller, T. L., & Jerry, D. R. (2019). Parasitic protozoan interactions with bacterial microbiome in a tropical fish farm. Aquaculture, 502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.12.0371)Abdel-Fattah M. El-Sayed, Chapter 9 - Stress and diseases, Tilapia Culture (Second Edition), Academic Press,2020,Pages 205-243, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816509-6.00009-42)Mahmoud AbouLaila, Ikuo Igarashi,Chapter 105 - Green Tea and its Main Catechin, Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate, Provide Parasitic Protection,Tea in Health and Disease Prevention,Academic Press,2013,Pages 1249-1260, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-384937-3.00105-1Leibowitz, M. P., Chettri, J. K., Ofir, R., & Zilberg, D. (2010). Treatment development for systemic Tetrahymena sp. infection in guppies, Poecilia reticulata Peters. Journal of Fish Diseases, 33(6), 473–480.Klinger, R. and Floyd, R.F. 1987. Introduction to Freshwater Fish Parasites.
Floyd, R.F., Yanong, R. & Pouder, D. (2018). Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (White Spot) Infections in Fish. University of Florida, IFAS Extension, CIR920.