Unit 7

El subjuntivo
(Presente perfecto, pluscuamperfecto)

The present perfect subjunctive is formed by using the present subjunctive of the auxiliary verb "haber" and the past participle.

hayas comido

hayais vivido

haya hablado

The present perfect subjunctive is used when the action in a dependent clause that takes the subjunctive occurred before the action in the main clause.

Lo han visto. Dudo que lo hayan visto.

Lo hemos hecho. Es imposible que lo hayamos hecho.

Has venido. Me alegro de que hayas venido

The pluperfect subjunctive is formed with the imperfect subjunctive of the verb "haber" and the past participle.

hubieras comido

hubieran vivido

hubiera hablado

The pluperfect subjunctive is used after a verb in the past tense or conditional when the action of the verb in the subjunctive occurred prior to the action in the main clause.

Pero me sorprendio que ellos lo hubieran hecho.

Me dijeron que el lo habia dicho.

Estaba convencido de que ellos lo habian hecho.

Nunca habria (yo) creido que el lo hubiera dicho.

Clausulas con si

"Si" clauses are used to express a contratry to fact condition

Si tuviera bastante dibero, haria el viaje.

Si yo hubiera tenido bastante dinero, yo habria hecho el viaje

Si tengo bastante dinero, hare el viaje.

The sequence of tenses for "si" clauses is the following:

Main clause: future, conditional, conditional perfect

Si clause: present indicative, imperfect subjunctive, pluperfect subjunctive

Los adverbios que terminan en "mente"

An adverb from an adjective that ends in -o, add -mente to the feminime -a form of the adjective.

When more than one adverb ending in -mente modifies a verb, only the last adverb carries the -mente ending.

An adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Many adverbs and in -mente. To form an adverb from an adjective thant ends in -e or a consonant, you simply add -mente to the adjective.

reciente = recientemente

general = generalmente

enorme = enormemente

sincera = sinceramente

carinosa = carinosamente

El hablo lenta y claramente.

Yo se lo digo honesta y sinceramente.